Cruesa, his first wife, is lost at Troy Essay Example for Free

Cruesa, his low gear wife, is wooly at Troy EssayTo analyse the character of Aeneas in comparison to the character of Odysseus we must first recognise that they have both been sent away from home, Aeneas by force after the sack of Troy and Odysseus to fight from the Greek side. To analyse them as leading and good custody we must look at their feats and their strengths as well as recognising their flaws as people and warriors. Both characters are extremely respected as heroes. Virgil presents us with the man that founded the greatest empire of all, the popish Empire. Odysseus had the idea of the Trojan horse, without which the Greeks would not have won the war. Both are primarily good men who serve their countries well. I found though, that they do this in two very different ways. Odysseus nostos and Aeneas search for a new home. Scholars continue to disagree on whether or not Aeneas is presented as a good soldier, although the question itself is certainly far from black and white, complicated by the culturally relative nature of terms such(prenominal)(prenominal) as conflictand courage, as well as by the rather oblique definition that good itself holds. Odysseus respectively.I will argue that Aeneas meets the criteria set by neither model and that, ultimately, he is an emotionally unstable, morally dubious and even an incompetent military leader. However, the very fact that he is the protagonist needs to be accent his character is necessarily sympathetic, dynamic and intricate. My intention is not to assert that Aeneas is a villain or a coward he is quite obviously neither of these things and such an interpretation of the Aeneid, a text rich and ambiguous in meaning, would be nothing short of reductive. And in this way he must, and does, have few positive, clean redeeming features.Virgil created in Aeneas a new type of Stoic hero, a point that is perhaps most evident in set aside Four when Aeneas leaves Carthage. His actors line to Dido is indicat ive of his determination to suffer both silently, Aeneas did not move his eyes and struggled to fight down the anguish in his heart. , (Book 4) and willing, Do not go on causing distress to yourself and to me by these complaints. It is not by my own will that I still search for Italy. (Book 4) Emotional restraint and acquiescence in devotion to peerlesss own fortunes and torment is intrinsic to a Roman conception of a role model and leader.Equally, the presentation of Aeneas in Book Four can be seen to parallel that of Odysseus in Book Nineteen of the Odyssey, where the reader is told that, in spite of his wifes tears, the heros eyes were steady. Aeneas, then, does conform to both the Roman and Homeric paradigms in his ability to watch the sufferings that Fate has allotted him. And yet his chief characteristic is not his endurance, as is the case with Odysseus, but rather his pietas, a quality essential for a Roman warrior. Time and time again in the Aeneid he is referred to as pious Aeneas, famous for his devotion(Book 6), so the Sibyl states.This devotion is threefold in that it is not only ghostlike and extends to both his family and to his duty as Father of Rome. The latter of these has already been demonstrated by his separation from Dido, in which he subordinates his personal wishes in order to follow through his destiny, while one can see the first two aspects of this pietas at work quite clearly in Book Five, in which the funeral games, held in honour of the divine flummox of Aeneas(Book 5), combine a celebration of the familial and of the holy. Like the Father figure that Aeneas, by fate takes on, Odysseus has great affection for his men.When he loses some of his men at Ismarus he tells us how they sailed on with heavy hearts, grieving for the loss of our companions. As well as this, when all the other ships are lost to the Laestragonians, he states, We lay on the beach for two days and nights, utterly exhausted and eating our hearts out with grief. Odysseus risks his life for them. In book 10 when the first half of his men are transformed into pigs by Circe, he goes completely to rescue them. He goes blind into this plan without any forward readiness until Hermes helps him.He is so determined to help that he tells an interfering Eurylochus, I shall go. I have absolutely no choice. . He never abandons his men. In Book 9 when his men eat the fruit of the Locus they lose all hope and want for home. Odysseus literally drags them and ties them to benches on the ship so that they cannot escape. In the countermine of the Cyclops, after they have blinded the monster, Odysseus ties all of his men to the bellies of rams and they escape leaving him, he is alone and has nobody to tie him on. He does not care because he thinks about his men before he acts as does Aeneas.In this respect they are very similar except Aeneas makes more mistakes than Odysseus does and loses his wife. As a father figure, like Aeneas, Odysseus is very w ell respected by his men. Near the Cyclops the men divide the goats between the ships. They give nine to all of the ships and ten to Odysseus alone as a sign of their respect for him as their leader. Yet this pietas, as much as it appears to pervade Virgils characterisation of the leader, might be called into question. Aeneas, on public occasions, seems reluctant to implement himself and also uncertain as to the rewards it offers.In Book Five the poet externalises Aeneas thoughts as he wonders whether he should forget about his destiny and narrow in the fields of Sicily (Book 5), and throughout the first half of the poem he needs to be constantly prompted to continue in his search for his homeland by his wifes shade in Book Two, his fathers shade in Book Five, and twice by Mercury in Book Four. Mercury wasted no time, So now you are laying foundations for the high towers of Carthage and building a splendid city to please your wife?Have you entirely forgotten your own nation and y our own destiny? (Book 4). These temptations are presented to Odysseus throughout The Odyssey but he does not give into temptation whereas Aeneas marries Dido, falls in love with her. Odysseus has a very hard-and-fast work ethic, which clearly shows his devotion to Ithaca. He is offered immortality by Nymph Calypso if he just stayed with her, but instead the first image that the reader is given of him is knelt on a beach crying for his homeland. He is tempted again by the witch Circe. Odysseus has the weakness of enjoying women.He stayed with Circe for one year before his men reminded him of home. He also stayed with Calypso for seven years. Although we must take into though that there were reasons why he had to stay with her. Even through these periods of extreme temptation and immensely beautiful women, Odysseus wants to return home. He is driven by the goddess Athene but she is not the true reason for his passionate lust for Ithaca. Aeneas is different. He no longing to go ho me, he has no home. He does long for his promised citadel but is also a cell for the gods to create a new Empire.Venus discussion is what points Aeneas towards leaving Dido who he tells, I left you against my will (Book 6). Aeneas seems rather less than disposed to his duty at this moment. He is shown to be quite contented in Carthage and it seems unlikely that he would have left its sweet shores under his own volition. Dido is Aeneas first serious test, and he seems to give way without a struggle (Book 4), and one may see the character here as close to the antithesis of Odysseus who, in his pig-headed determination to return to Ithaca, even rejects Calypsos offer of immortality.Indeed, Aeneas, whose sword was studded with yellow stars of jaspers (Book 4) is a picture of decadence. Nor is devotion to duty the only aspect of his pietas that can be found wanting, and as much as Aeneas appears to be a truly devoted son it should be noted that he repeatedly fails to protect his family . When one considers those personages in the poem that could be seen as intimate with Aeneas it must be make that virtually none survive. Cruesa, his first wife, is lost at Troy Dido, debatably his second, commits suicide and Anchises, his father, dies in the port at Drepanum.

“The Seventh Seal” by Ingmar Bergman Essay Example for Free

The Seventh sealing wax by Ingmar Bergman EssayThis paper is prone to the film by Ingmar Bergman The Seventh Seal a tale about the journey of a medieval knight. The form of the story is very difficult pictorial details were blended with religious and mythic overtones. The principal(prenominal) hero was traveling with the target to find manifest of God, his journey was physical and at the same duration spiritual one. The title of the film was related to the Book of Revelation, it was used at the beginning of the film and at the very end And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was ease in heaven about the space of half an hour (Revelation 81). Bergman studied the themes of death and mortality, existential and apocalyptic fears and finally silence in heaven the silence of God in the world. There was an idea that the whole film was in reality an allegory for the modern disquiet among batch after they lost medieval belief, with one char get alonger embodying tortured doubt, another simple faith, still another defiant unbelief. (Greydanus, 2001).The film can not be considered an absolutely philosophical or tenuously religious one it trade int with religious issues in the society and human souls, reflected the fear of people, that there was probably no future and no God if he was so silent. One of the main messages of the film was not to search for concrete answers, as at any rate they could be absolutely different from the initial expectations.Most of the film scenes were based on the balance between drama and comedy, at the same time the themes of revenge, anger, freedom, fear interchanged. The upbeat moments of the film were significant, due to them, the inevitable end of the world could not make people give up. There was a strong contrast between the letdown of the knight and his squire and the exasperated crowd, claiming that a girl was a witch and ought to be burnt, it is clear that the girl was innocent, but the process of burning help ed the mob to deal with their fear of death.It was easer for them to believe that they annihilated evil, when burning the girl, than looking for the evil inside of themselves. This heart-rending scene was reinforced with the constant impression that the Judgment Day was inescapable and was approach shot closer and closer. The most evident reminding of it could be seen, when the leader of the procession of the self-torturing people was shouting about the Gods punishment and inevitable perdition delay for all humans.The film was rich in symbols as well as existentialist themes death, religion, and metaphysics. The plague was not a simple disease, but embodiment of the integral destructive forces of people it was supposed to verify the inherent values and strength of individuals. One of the key themes of the film was contrast between reality and illusion, between faith and skepticism, between intellect and emotions, between courage and cowardice, between love and lust.Death was a c haracter in the film along with the others from time to time he seemed to reveal some human feelings, like for example sympathy with the Knight at the same time a phantom and a force. The main controversy about Death was either his freedom or obedience to an omniscient God. In reality he didnt help the Knight to find answers to his questions.The family of the actors Jof, his married woman Mia and their son Mikael, met by the Knight were also in a way contrasted to his religious doubts and anxiety. The names of the man and woman as diminutive forms of the names Joseph and Mary, suffer to building the association with the Holy Family (Marshall, 2004). Also at the beginning of the film Jof had a vision of the Virgin Mary when she was teaching Jesus to walk. Later in the film Antonius saw Mia teaching her son in the similar way.This parallel however seemed to be rather strange for the overall skeptical tone of the film. It was never clear why Death left Jof and his family alive, when Antonius helped them, distracting Death for the moment, to run away through a bore in their wagon, as nobody was supposed to go from Death. We dont know whether this was their destiny to die later or some other reasons. For the other heroes Death played various roles Plog met Death with small-scale dignity, the Girl, who probably had a lot of suffering during her life, met Death as salvation, associating it with Jesus.The main reason why the Knight didnt want to die was his hope to support one meaningful act before dying and to find the answer to his question about Gods existence. Probably after doing this significant act the Knight expected to get the proof, that the universe was not absolutely absurd and there was a force controlling the lives of people, however this would be also in a way ambiguous proof.Within the whole film he was not able to find piece and conciliation, he was the prisoner of his doubts and fantasies, apart of the meal with Jof and Mia even cheating of De ath didnt bring the desired satisfaction. The main internal conflict of the Knight rooted from the fact that he lost pure faith and could not find the meaning of life and death without it. He started his fight with shadows not wanting to accept the absurdness of the universe. He saw the main problem in the absence of proofs of Gods existence, but in reality his intellectual confinement caused it.Overall, the film is very profound and controversial, there be no answers, and there are only new intricate questions about life and death, about faith and science, about eternal values and nihilism.ReferencesGreydanus D. S. (2001). The Seventh Seal (1957). 1-4Marshall. B. (March 5, 2004). The Seventh Seal, Movie Review. 2-5

Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Analysis of The have intercourse Song of J. Alfred PrufrockModernist Disillusionment in The live Song of J. Alfred PrufrockUnlike the romantic period that preceded it, the modernist literary movement reflected the feelings of a Lost Generation affected by industrialization and war trauma. As such, modernist belles-lettres often employs cynical or detached worldviews in angsty tvirtuosos. The most famous writer of the movement, T.S Eliot, explored modernist beginnings of disillusionment through poetry. One of his poems,The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, focuses on the theme of indecisiveness as a symptom of modernization in society. T.S Eliots Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is representative of the modernist literary canon through its exploration of the speakers personal feelings of foreboding and stagnation.The repetition of questions and refrains in The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock is used to express the speakers self-doubt and insecurity in a modernized, changing society. The poem primarily focuses on the speakers inability to talk to women, and how this relates to his fallible self-esteem as a whole. Throughout the poem, the speaker repeats,In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo (lines 13-14). This repeated observation of the women coming and going serves as a disruption to the speakers hypothetical dialogue with the woman he loves. He is unable to approach women because they intimidate him, especially in a new society where women be more educated and independent. The speaker also uses repetition by questioning himself ,How should I presume? (line 54). The question follows his memories of past rejections, wavering his resolve to pursue a woman romantically. He is so paralyzed by his insecurity that he cannot even hold a conversation. This repetition is significant because it shows the speaker questioning his maculation in society, a common theme in modernist writing.Eliots poem also incorporates multiple allusions to classic l iterary works, which are indicative of modernist skepticism of tradition. The references come from change texts, including the Bible, Dante, Chaucer, and Greek philosophers, but Eliot especially focuses on Shakespeare. In one stanza, the speaker laments No I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be Am an attendant lord, one that will do To swell a development, start a scene or two (lines 111-113). Here, the speaker feels a lack of personal agency, and only sees himself as an extension of others he will only ever be in a supporting role for those who lead. J. Alfred Prufrock will never lead a progress like Chaucer, or woo a coy mistress like Marvell, just like he will never be the Hamlet or Lazarus he wishes he was. He is too scared to even try. Classical allusions like this are a signature of the modernist writing, where the traditional is used as a framework for contemplating the contemporary. These allusions are meant to show the speakers weakness, of what he can never attain.T hey are not used for glorifying the past, but for questioning the present.In the poem, the speakers fear of inadequacy with women is affiliated to his larger fear of aging and mortality, and shows his existential crisis. When trying to gather the courage to pursue his romantic interest, the speaker resigns I am no prophet and heres no great matter I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker, And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker, And in short, I was afraid (lines 83-86). The speaker sees his accessible awkwardness as more than just situational it is the story of his life, the only thing that defines his character. In every small failed interaction, he feels that his life has no importance, and that any good guinea pig of success is fleeting. He imagines Death, the eternal Footman, mocking him, just as he imagines women mocking him. Through this imagery, the speaker imagines his failure to win over the woman he loves as the literal death of him. By con necting romantic insecurity with existential insecurity, T.S. Eliot explores both the small- and large-scale implications of modernist thought.Modernist literature differed from previous literary movements in its exploration of the intrinsic mind, rather than the external world. Although deeply affected by external societal issues (industrialization, imperialism, war), modernist style primarily focuses on personal psyche. Modernist literary works often reward the form of stream-of-consciousness, or in the case of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, dramatic monologue, rarely with any input of interpersonal dialogue. By turning the narrative inward, contemporaneity sought to expose how the world at large can impact the individual body and mind. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock remains a primary example of modernism because of its ability to make the reader connect so personally with the speakers internal conflicts, and consequently understand the external conflicts of the earl y 20th century.Works CitedEliot, T. S. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. N.p. n.p., 1915. Print.

Irish Banking in a Digital Age: NTUC Income

Irish Banking in a Digital Age NTUC In grappleIndexIntroductionCase analyseInformation Systems apply by NTUC Income before MigratingBusiness Processes used by NTUC Income before MigratingProblems Associated with the Old Systems bran- saucy Digital System capabilitiesHow did the new system collapse the problemsHow did the new digital system append a basis for the orange strategyCould orangish have been available with the Old systemsThree Important Lessons for Irish Retail BankingConclusionIntroductionBanking in a digital age is a long subject and I have gone into whatever exposit to analyse the case study and to answer the questions outlined. However I want to initially highlight the diagrams below, the first diagram shows the percentage of nodes that consult the internet and is self-explanatory, thus far it does highlight how important the internet is to banks to create revenue and to procure their viability on into the future. The second diagram however is somewhat of a p arallel to this in that it shows that young customers are inclined to bank with larger well known banks regardless. An interesting argument could be given for both sides.Case StudyInformation systems used by NTUC Income before migrating wereOld fashioned HP 3000 mainframe systemDecades old Cobol programsBatch processing systems,Agents tried to submit the documents using nonebooksBusiness Processes employ by NTUC Income before migrating to new digital systems wereEntirely paper basedCustomers met with broker/agent to complete proposal formForm is submitted by messenger to Office service departmentForm is logged and sortedForm is then sent to underwriters.Accepted proposals then sent to computer Services Department be printed and distributed.All original documents then sent to storage unit for logging and filingIn a lot of cases departments had to pass physical documents among each differentProblems Associated with the Old SystemsVery cumbersome and time consuming processAfter pr oposal form completed by customer it could transmit 2 to 3 blotto solar days for the form to be couriered to underwritersForm then sent to computer services department to be printed and distributed.Sent to storage unit to be logged and stored which could take over two to three daysDocument retrieval slow and cumbersome taking up to two days to locate, then the form had to be shipped by courier.Refiling would take 2 days.Documents had to be physically passed to each otherHigh volume of staff involved in clerical roles, from start to give the axe the policy will have been handled by up to 13 staffEntirely paper based systemExisting computer system rattling unreliable with regular breakdownsBreakdowns meant liberation of man hours re-inputting lost dataExisting system had to be backed up daily however if system crashed during the day staff had to choose whether to save daily reconciliation or whether to do a full back upIf daily back up not completed previous days data would be l ostNo Real time data, systems did not allow data inputter to see if customer is b peril or new.Loss in revenue and sales due to lack of real time data.Existing system had 3 major hardware failures which mean loss of 6 days.Regular breakdownsNo up to date information for departments or internal digital mailing system.2.1 New digital system capabilitiesNew Java based EBao LifesystemAll branches equipped with scanners and new monitorsNew PC RAM of 128MBNew hardware and software for application serversDisk storage systemsselective information transmitted immediatelyAll Documents scanned and stored on digital devicesData stored on two or more(prenominal) servers all connected by two or more connection lines.Faster cableWireless capabilityFiber-optic Backbone2.2 How did the new system resolve the problems? Reduced timeframe for induction of policy in effect(p) scanning and processing systems. Real time data, enabling put over sales and cross referencing for existing customers Reductio n in time to react to market place trends and changes. Easier to conception and launch new products to keep ahead of market trends Good backup systems, data saved on two or more servers ensuring no loss of data New disaster reco very(prenominal) site that no longer required restoration of the previous days data Improved customer service as new system gave a single view of each customer showing all real time data allowing cross selling and pressd turnaround times Up to 50 percent saving on time and cost3.1 How did the new digital system provide a basis for the orange strategy?Orange was stuck in a paper based timewarp. This meant that all time and energy was put into manual applications which did not leave time for them to focus on a more customer friendly and customer focused organization. The new system meant that there was a extensive reduction in the need for large volumes of clerical staff and these staff could be utilized to provide a better customer service and as well as provide a better profit for the business by utilizing the customer information to enable cross sales.It also enabled time for the marketing strategy to be overhauled as up to date data was now at hand. This data provided a customer profile facilitating the sale of more relevant products by providing some Golden Nug beats of information. As the systems could provide some analytical and operational CRM data.It also enabled the business to be able to react quickly to any new market trends as the new digital systems were able to take on and launch new products quickly and in fact enabled them to set up a shit new concept in the damages business, the launch of the Orange motorcycles fleet. This fleet was very distinctive and easily spotted on the high street which in itself was a major marketing tool but they not only serviced their own customers who had accidents but also non customers which in turn meant that these people would go to Orange the next time they needed a quote for ins urance and also created a Feel Good moment.It enabled them to launch Orange Eye which was a smartphone application. This provided an in car camera which helped combat motor insurance fraud which ensured that costs for the company would be kept down and in turn allowed for reduced insurance policies.3.2 Could Orange have been available with the Old Systems?Orange would most definitely not have been possible with the old system. They were not able to provide an efficient, straightforward, sincere system or product due to the major constraints of the old systems.4. Three important Lessons for Irish Retail Banking1. Banks have to embrace the Digital Age to outgrowth profit.Banks have to embrace and utilize all systems available and even create new systems in order to adjoin revenue and in turn increase profit. According the statistics provided by The Second UPC Report on Irelands Digital future the projected value of the Irish internet economy in 2020 will be E21.1 BN, Projected on l ine Consumer Spending will be E12.7 BN as opposed to figures provided for 2014 when online consumer spending was E5.9 BN. Therefore this market has to be tapped to ensure the viability of the bank into the future. man initially consumers were reluctant to take on some of these new online systems such as online banking one would wonder what their reaction would be if it were to be taken international from them overnight.As can be seen from table below sourced from PWC the percentage of users of online services has increased tenfold and banks have to embrace this change and utilize it to their advantage.Gen Y = natural 1980, Gen X = born 1965 1979, Baby boomers = 1946 1964, Matures born prior to 19462. Digital systems break services.The new orange system allowed for funds and also staff to be freed up to create a much better customer experience. One way of doing this was to send out the Orange Fleet which proved a huge success. This feigning has been in some way reproduced with banks now beginning to think outside the box, by providing some time/space shifting services such as Mobile Mortgage Managers who will visit you out of bank hours and in turn the new systems that allow you to bank on line 24 hours a day online in the comfort of your own home.Bank of Ireland are currently trying to promote an internal scoring card system that they call NPS to ensure that we continue to provide an excellent customer service and allowing all opportunities to be utilized and all cross sales achieved to ensure a good profit and also a good service to the customer. As outlined in our lectures 50 percent of time and effort is invested in trying to get new customers in the first place and 50 percent to hold onto them. It costs six times more to get a new customer then a high retention of existing customers ensures an increased profit.Accenture created a Consumer research of over 13000 in 33 countries and they found that 61% if customers globally switched providers due to a bad experience and 85% switch providers because they feel that companies dont make it easy to do business with.It is no secret that the general unexclusives perception of the Banks in light of the recent recession and bailout by the government has not been advantageous and therefore it is in our best interest to improve our systems and also do things a bit differently and this NPS scorecard is in some way helping this.Also the public would not have salient assert in the Banks and again the simple honest and different approach adapted by Orange could be adapted in a more robust platform by the Banks.3. Correct systems have to be in place in order for customers to adapt and embrace the change.Bank of Irelands digital systems were sometimes seen as cumbersome by both staff and by customers alike. There were some major issues with Banking on line for business customers as it was difficult to get set up and in a lot of cases it wasnt compatible with certain computer systems.There is also the publics perception of the risk concerned with digital technology and some customers do not trust the systems and still prefer to go in to the Bank and make their dealingss or apply for their loans with a human. I showed a family member how to pay a bill on line. This was their first attempt at using this system and they were very impressed with how easy the process was, however as the payee was an Ulster Bank customer the transaction took a couple of days to go through. This caused my relation a huge worry (they are in their 60s) as she would have preferred to have had physical evidence such as a receipt for the transaction and they could not relax until the funds were acknowledged as received. This however is not such a worry for younger generations as they have more trust in the digital systems. The security issues need to be addressed and maintained and also the banks need to keep ahead of the fraudsters. As long as this continues to discover I can see a continued rise in the use of digital banking systems.ConclusionAs outlined on the Bain Brief clause Many banks have been too quick to capitalize on digital technologies as a way to strip costs out of their operations. Steering their technology-enable customers to websites, spry apps and ATMs, they are shuttering full-service branches and replacing them with automated kiosks. But while the savings from taking a self-service approach can be enticing, the longer term costs of abandoning customers to their own high-tech devices are unacceptably high. The Digital Challenge to Retail banks Oct 17,2012 by Dirk Vater, Youngsuh Cho and Peter Sidebottom.This article was written in 2012 and since then Bank of Ireland has come to realize this and are trying to keep their physical branch footprint in place in as much as possible in order to have a face behind the bank. Other major banks in Ireland have been reducing their branch footprint in order to reduce costs. We will have to wait and see in the future w hat the best approach to this will have been and as always hindsight is sometimes a grand thing.ReferencingAccenture Study, Global Consumer Pulse Research (2014)Bain Banking Study (2012)FIS Primary Consumer Research (Aug 2011)Laudon, Laudon,(2014) Management Information SystemsSecond UPC Report on Irelands Digital Future (2014)Stapleton, (2015) Banking in a Digital Age WebinarsPutnam, (2011) Attracting and Retaining Gen Y and Gen XVater, Youngsuh and Sidebottom (2012) Bain Brief The Digital Challenge to Retail BanksVillers, (2015) PWC Banking will mean digital banking in 2015

Effect of Changing Concentration on the Order of Reaction

Effect of Changing absorption on the Order of responseTitle An Investigation into the Effect of Changing the Concentration by Continuous Method on the Order of ReactionPlanningA. HypothesesI predict that the lay of reaction is influenced by the tautness of the reactants and that the position of reaction and the ducking of reactants decrease as time intervals increase. I predict that the order of reaction is affected or influenced by the parsimony of the reactant. I also predict that the change in concentration of reactants affects the rate of reaction proportionately and hence, the order of reaction. Such that, if the concentration of the reactants is reduce by half, the rate of reaction go away also decrease by a certain proportion.The reaction that will be analyzed in this sample is between a metal (magnesium ribbon) and an window glass (sulfuric acid). The reaction is shown by the chemical substance equation belowMg (s) + H2S04 (aq) MgS04 (aq) + H2 (g)In this experim ent, 0.15 grams of magnesium ribbon will be utilise in additional, together with 10 cubic centimeters of 0.3 M sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The continuous method will be used, where the metal is in excess and the reaction goes to completion. The glitz of the atomic number 1 flatulency (H2) will be self-possessed at a measured time interval of 30 seconds. These volume readings at the time intervals shall be recorded and analyzed.III. BackgroundThe rate of a reaction depends in part on the concentrations of the reactants. The rate at which a reactant or reactants is alter into products is the change in concentration of the reactant or reactants with time, (Wilbraham, et.al., 1997). Mathematically, the rate shag be expressed as drift = Change in Concentration of Reactants / Change in timeThe formula implies that the rate of disappearance of the reactants is proportional to its molar concentration. HenceChange in Concentration of Reactants / Change in time = proportional to the conce ntration of reactantsThe reaction rate has to be experimentally determined. From the reaction rate equation, the order of reaction can be obtained. The order of reactions can be classified as cryptograph order, first order, or second order, with respect to only one reactant.IV. Risk AssessmentIn this experiment, sulphuric acid (H2SO4), will be used as a reactant. Since it is a strong acid and is in truth corrosive, I will observe the following precautionary measuresWear protective goggles for the eyes. bar pipetting the sulphuric acid by mouth.Avoid inhalation of sulfuric acid.Care in handling the acid should be observed. It should be prevented from being knocked over.V. Fair running gameTo ensure that the results that I will obtain in the experiment are reliable and accurate, I will observe the followingThe volume measurements of the sulphuric acid reactant will be made very accurately by reading from the lower meniscus of the 10 cubic centimeter markThe bung will be securely and tightly placed to prevent the collected hydrogen blow out (H2) from escaping.The weight measurements of the magnesium ribbon will be made very accurately.All materials will be soundly cleaned before each use in order to prevent contamination.The experiment will have 3 runs or replicates in order to attain a high reliability of results.VI. Procedure of the ExperimentMaterials neededStopwatch for time interval measurements100 cc gas syringe for the Hydrogen gas collection100 cc conical flask for the sulphuric acid100 ml graduated cylinder for mensuration the sulphuric acidAnalytical balance for measuring 0.15 grams of magnesium ribbonProcedure1. Set up the materials sequence making sure that they are thoroughly clean and dry.2. Using a graduated cylinder, measure 10 cc of 0.3 Molar concentration of sulphuric acid.3. Carefully weigh 0.15 grams of magnesium ribbon victimization an analytical balance to make sure that the weight measurement is accurate.5. Put the 0.15 grams of magne sium ribbon into the conical flask with the sulphuric acid.7. Measure the volume in cubic centimeters of hydrogen gas collected in the gas syringe at any time interval of 30 seconds.8. Record the volume of collected hydrogen gas at each set time interval.9. Make 2 more runs of this experiment by repeating steps 1-8 at every run.VII. Results.Below are the tabulated volume measurements at every time interval circumvent 1 chroma Measurements for Run 1The data in card 1 were plotted in a graph belowGraph 1 Volume vs. Time (Run1)For Run 2, the data were obtained were tabulated belowTable 2 Volume Measurements for Run 2The data in Table 2 were plotted in a graph belowGraph 2 Volume vs. Time (Run 2)For Run 3, the data were obtained were tabulated belowTable 3 Volume Measurements for Run 3The data in Table 3 were plotted in a graph belowGraph 3 Volume vs. Time (Run3)All three graphs show the cut off that as time increases, the volume of the reactant decreases, while the volume of the pr oduct increases.B. Calculation of the Concentration of ReactantFrom the reactionMg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (aq)Concentration is measured in terms of Molarity, where Molarity is equal to the number of moles of solute divided by liters of solutionMolarity = No. of moles of solute / Liters of solutionFor Magnesium (Mg), 0.15 grams were added to sulphuric acid. The number of moles is equal to weight in grams divided by the formula weight. Hence, the number of moles = wt. in grams / FW. Since 0.15 grams were used, 0.15 grams should be divided by the formula weight of Magnesium (Mg), which is 24.So 0.15 grams / 24 = 0.00625 moles for Mg.To get the molar concentration, the number of moles will be divided by the volume of the solution in liters, which is 0.01.So, the molarity of Mg is 0.00625 / 0.01 = 0.625 MFor the sulphuric acid (H2SO4) used, the molarity is 0.3 M. The number of moles of H2SO4 used is determined by multiplying the molar concentration by the volume of solution i n liters. Hence 0.3 moles/L X 0.01L = 0.003 moles.From the chemical equation of the reaction, for every 0.003 moles of H2SO4 used, the same amount of moles (0.003) of hydrogen gas (H2) is effrontery off.The molar concentration of the hydrogen gas evolved can now be determined for each respective time interval, by dividing the number of moles by the volume obtained.For run 1The concentration of the product can now be calculated, using the formula for reaction rate, where Molarity = Number of moles / Liters of solutionThe data for the concentration of the hydrogen gas are tabulated belowTable 4 Molarity of the hydrogen gas (H2)The molarity values tabulated above are plotted in the graph belowGraph 4 Concentration vs. Time (Run1)Graph 5 Concentration vs. Time (Run 1) Showing the Gradient of the Tangent CurveThe rate of reaction was calculated by measuring the gradient of the tangent of the curve above, as depicted by the red line. Hence, the gradient of the tangent is equal to 0.12 0 .05 / one hundred fifty = 0.00046. From the rate equation, the rate constant (k) can be obtained by the formula k = rate x H2SO4. So k = (0.00046) / 0.3 = 0.153. The rate equation is stride = k H2SO4Rate = (0.153) (0.003) = 0. 000459 or 0.0046. Hence, this value is equal to the gradient of the tangent of the graph above. This shows that the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the sulphuric acid (H2SO4).Table 5 Concentration of Gas Collected and Rate of Reaction (Run 1)The plotting of tabulated data above results to the graph belowGraph 6 Rate vs. Concentration (Run 1)The Rate Concentration Graph for Run 1 above shows that the concentration of hydrogen gas (H2) is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. Thus, the concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is also directly proportional to the rate of reaction, whereby, as the concentration decreases, the rate of reaction also decreases.Since the Magnesium ribbon is in excess, only the sulfuric acid can be allowe d to change. Having it in excess is to make sure that its concentration does not change.Using the rate of reactionRate = k H2SO4And applying the rate equation to the chemical equation in the reactionMg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)The rate equation is now Rate = k Mg H2SO4.Since Mg concentration does not change in the reaction, it is the zero order. On the other hand, since H2SO4 is in the first order of reaction, the rate is directly proportional to its concentration, as measured in the experiment by the concentration of the H2 gas collected, the overall order of reaction is 0+1 = 1.For Run 2, the table below shows its concentration.Table 6 Molarity of the Hydrogen gas (Run2)The table of Concentration and Time for run 2 gives the following graphGraph7 Concentration vs. Time (Run 2)The Concentration Time Graph for run 2 above shows the same trend as in run 1, where it shows an inverse proportionality as time increases, the concentration of the sulfuric acid ( H2SO4) decreas es as measured by the concentration of the hydrogen gas (H2) collected. The rate of re

European Imperialism :: Papers

European expansion was almost a certainty. The continent was comparatively poor place for agriculture, which pushed Europeans outside of Europe in search of new-fangled-made soil. Different countries sent explorers, like Columbus and Magellan, to find unknown trade routes to India and Asia. They stumbled onto new sources for raw materials and goods and Europe was suddenly substantially profiting. The exploration of Africa, Asia, and South America provided new wealth. It increased the standard of living for Europeans, introduced them to spices, luxurious goods, silver, and gold (class notes). Later revolutions and reformers passim the 19th and 20th centuries transformed European society and continually provided the continent with new interests, experiences, and ideas. As a result, Europeans developed new technology, which enabled them to explore unknown territory and expand their influence overseas. European imperialism began in the 14th and 15th centuries. There were a variety of factors that allowed for expansion. First of all, because the population of Europe was low there was a potential for rapid population formulateth. Secondly, Europe was relatively small which made it venerable to invasion and fire the need for strong armies. The fact that it was divided into states provoked the need for strong governments and because there was no one magnate that could change things in Europe they obtained a relatively strong freedom of thought. This solidarity gave Europe the power to send voyages and explorations around the globe to help find new resources. Futhermore, Europe sent explorers to find different and needed trade routes to Asia and India because the land routes were extremely yen (class notes). Also, public opinion played an important role in the support of imperialism. Many people who werent pleased with their economic and political status could migrate to new regions to find other opportunities. Others were inspir ed to spread the word of Christianity and sought a new standard of living. But most importantly, Europeans were concerned with the quest for material goods and to grow rich (textbook pg. 878). There were many changes in the methods from early imperialism to late expansionism. For example, unlike new imperialism early European expansion focused on establishing trading posts in different countries, instead of actually taking over the land and adding empires like later imperialism.

1984 Vs Brave New World :: compare contrast

Aldous Huxleys abide New World, and George Orwells 1984 and Animal Farm each make commentary regarding the organisation of society. Each story involves a so called perfect society, or Utopia. The people are given what they want, only to discover it wasnt really what they desired. It seems that both authors are telling us their idea of whats wrong with society, and how extreme these wrongs could become if we government to think for us. The government agency in which each story gives its warning is different. I will explore this.Throughout the fiction Winston tries to avoid the control o Big Brother, by committing many almost illegal crimes, such as retentivity a diary or sneaking around with Julia, his mistress. Winston is eventually caught, and tortured by "the Party" for his crimes, until he is restored and learns to love big brother.1984 contains a warning well-nigh the future. Though not specifically about computers, since it was finished in 1948 "Big Brother&q uot can be viewed as playing the role of a computer. The way big Brother, and tele - screens work can be linked to the commanding control computers have over society today. With the increase amount of electronic business and the deepen expansion of the Net the amount of personal information raging from tax file numbers to favourite colours available on line is aiding increasing governmental desire for a paperless world where you can be eliminated, monitored, or altered with the tap of a key.Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World and George Orwells 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his gover nment which is eventually found to be in vain.     Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the three person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like in order to emend reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, "Mother, monogamy, romance.