Sociology practice

This circumstance Is a case of: Selected Answer: d. Both an and c Question 2 0. 5 out of 0. 5 focuses Sarah functions as an attorney in an unmistakable law office in New York City. She has a greater number of grants and acknowledgment in her field than any of her associates, and has additionally been with the firm the longest (beside the accomplices). At the point when one of the accomplices resigns, Sarah applies for the promotion.She accept that with her various honors and years with the firm, she will get the advancement to accomplice. Be that as it may, John, a far less experienced and qualified attorney Is given the advancement Instead. Sarah might be the casualty of: Selected Answer: c. Discriminatory limitation Question 3 O out of 0. 5 focuses Mexican Americans, Irish Americans, and Muslims are on the whole instances of: Selected Answer: c. Both racial and ethnic gatherings Question 4 while ladies. Is a relationship wherein one lady is hitched to numerous men, s a relationship wherein one man is hitched to different Selected Answer: b.Polyandry; polygon Question 5 Sally has worked at General Motors for a long time. She began as an assembly line laborer, specialist her way up to processing plant chief In Just a couple of years, and Is presently a local executive for all GM manufacturing plants in the Midwest. This situation is a model Selected Answer: a. Upward intergenerational versatility Question 6 The pattern of qualifications in the U. S. Has burdened Blacks and Latino. These gatherings are more averse to have the option to bear the cost of an advanced degree, and accordingly, re discovering it progressively hard to locate a well-paying Job.Which hypothetical point of view would be destined to make this contention? Chosen Answer: a. Concealed Curriculum Question 7 The previous standing framework in India, where individuals couldn't wed and work outside of the position they were naturally introduced to, is a case of what sort of definition framework? Chosen Answer: c. Shut System Question 8 Ryan holds solid convictions about individuals and is continually ready to voice his feeling. For instance, at whatever point a discussion about driving comes up, Ryan is in every case snappy o share his supposition that females and Asian-Americans are awful drivers and make it progressively hard for White guys to drive safely.Which idea best portrays Ryan's convictions? Chosen Answer: d. Generalization Question 9 Increasingly, the quantity of degrees/confirmations required for some, Jobs has expanded after some time. For instance, Jobs that lone required a secondary school certificate in the past now require a four year certification. This pattern is known as what? Chosen Answer: b. Qualifications Gender isn't socially developed; sexual orientation is dictated by organic contrasts among guys and females. Chosen Answer.

Anti-Gay Attitude in Schools Free Essays

The article I read was on against gay remarks in Canadian schools. Two college teachers of Manitoba led a national overview of both gay and hetero youngsters. Out of 3,700 understudies across Canada, hear offending remarks every day. We will compose a custom article test on Hostile to Gay Attitude in Schools or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The study found that 70% of understudies heard expressions like â€Å"that’s so gay† and forty eight percent heard unfavorable terms like â€Å"faggot,† â€Å"lezbo† and â€Å"dyke† consistently. The article suggests that educational committees ought to apply gay-straight unions, for example, the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, androgynous, transgender or eccentric) bunches which are normal in secondary school and wide instruction just as better educator preparing. Individuals who are offended for being gay are basically bugged. Everybody has the option to life and security as ensured by our constitution. We have numerous harassers at school and remarks, for example, those as I recorded and are simply one more type of a put down and ought not be permitted anyplace, including school. Understudies who do this are simply oblivious and youthful however grown-ups who disregard it are the genuine issue. This identifies with brain science supposing that you look at the level of individuals who get annoyed in school; could have psychological well-being issues later on, for example, worry for being separated in schools, experiencing nervousness and discouragement, or addictive conduct in view of their sexual direction. This could likewise prompt dietary issues, medication and liquor misuse, and self destruction. The probability of suicides happening are individuals who most likely can’t adapt to separation, confinement, and depression. All in all, the specialists said that there is a ton of ground to help push for an improved school atmosphere which is genuine on the grounds that secondary school is extreme for everybody. Also, significantly after secondary school it doesn’t quit being intense. The most effective method to refer to Anti-Gay Attitude in Schools, Papers

Students Can Learn How to Write an Essay Using Writing Samples

Students Can Learn How to Write an Essay Using Writing SamplesIn the history of writing, the written word has always been the greatest educational medium to convey ideas to the reader. The ability to write is to stimulate, motivate and entertain.Because of this, the writer needs to understand how he or she can improve his or her writing skills. This is true in school where the school assignment is to learn how to write an essay.As the saying goes, 'Learn to write a good essay.' This should be the focus of the school essay writing process. On the other hand, since there are several options on how to write an essay, a lot of students get frustrated because they don't have an idea of what to write.There are many different ways that writers can go about writing an essay. They could choose to write in the first person or as an indirect form of communication. They can use a personal essay, or report, or give a review of their own life experiences. Or they can come up with a new form of ess ay.It is up to the student to decide which type of essay he or she will be writing. Most importantly, the writer needs to learn how to write a good essay. He or she needs to make the essay not only good, but excellent. By doing this, the writer will do well in school.So what is the best way to practice writing an essay? Well, the best way to practice writing an essay is to write a written essay in class. Another option would be to write a brief outline. If the writer can find someone to read his or her outline, this will help in improving the writer's draft.Writing samples of writingare another way to get writing practice. Writing samples of writing include magazines, newspapers, journals, books, and other written material. These samples help the student to see how he or she should formulate his or her essay. Furthermore, these samples will help the student see how he or she can write a book, an article, a report, and so on.Writing samples of writing can really be beneficial for the aspiring writers. In a sense, these samples help the writer see how he or she can communicate his or her thoughts to the readers.

Project Management - 1859 Words

I. Background of the Study Leadership involves recognizing and articulating the need to significantly alter the direction and operation of the project, aligning people to the new direction, and motivating them to work together to overcome hurdles produced by the change and to realize new objectives. Indeed, leadership is all about coping with change. One of the things that makes good project managers valuable is that they have the ability to both manage and as well as lead a project. In doing so they recognize the need to manage the project interfaces and build a social network that allows them to find out what needs to be done. However, there are instances wherein first time project managers tend to be assertive of their own ideas†¦show more content†¦| The problems found in the case occurred while Tom and his team is currently performing the completion of the installation project namely â€Å"Pegasus†. A potential social network problem will more likely to occur if the team members of Tom don’t cooperate with Tom in the sense that they could barely gave him status reports about the concerns, needs and requests urgently needs resolution. As presented in the analysis above, it is evident that the problem is concerning the part of project team members. Since Tom initiated give-and-take interactions with the team, it is expected that the team should be active in their performance. Though new management style was introduced and Tom was primarily new in his career as project manager, it implies that the project team members should be flexible in order to finish the said project effectively and efficiently. Indeed, the management will affect the employees and how they view their work in the organization. Also, we can see th at the type of management of Bray was not that really effective in the type of project that they were making. IV. Answers to End of the Case Questions 1. What do you think is going on at the end of this case? The proponentsShow MoreRelatedProject Management : Projects Management902 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Project Management. What does the words Project Management mean and what are the steps to managing a great project. If we break down the two words Project Management it is defined on dictionary.com as â€Å"The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system†. As shown in the website Project Insight there are multiple different steps in the project management roll such as project scope, life cycle, objectives, assumptions, constraintsRead MoreProject Management and Project Management It3115 Words   |  13 PagesExamination Paper: Project Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Project Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of multiple choices questions and short answer type questions. Answer all the questions. 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Role and Career Opportunities for a Nurse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2461 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Terms of Reference Accountability: Means that healthcare professionals are accountable to their selves and to others on the care received by the patients. Adverse event: Refers to an incident that occurred in the hospital or any other clinical setting that resulted to harm or could have resulted to the patients harm. Colleagues: Other healthcare professionals, co-workers, midwifery and nursing students. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role and Career Opportunities for a Nurse" essay for you Create order Patient-centred care: A consideration of patient preferences, engagement and needs when making healthcare decisions. Patient satisfaction: The perceived level of satisfaction on the quality of care they receive from their nurses. Introduction This report aims to discuss the role and career opportunities for a nurse. This report will include the qualification, skills and experience that are required to be a nurse in Ireland. A discussion on the daily work of a nurse with reference to health and safety issues will also be presented. Possible job opportunities for nurses in the Irish healthcare system will also be discussed. A conclusion will summarise the key points raised in this report. Qualification, Skills and Experience Required to be a Nurse The Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Registered Nurses and Registered Midwives (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, 2014) lays out the skills and professional requirements necessary for registered nurses in Ireland. These skills include the ability to provide safe and quality care for different groups of patients, respecting the dignity of each patient, professional accountability and responsibility, quality care, collaboration and trust and confidentiality. Since nurses continue to professionally develop from newly registered to specialist nurses, it is expected that professional characteristics and skills would be honed as nurses begin their practice. One of the important skills required for quality patient-centred care is the ability to communicate effectively with patients and colleagues. Communication is defined as a two-directional process that could involve transmission and receiving of verbal and non-verbal messages (Kourkouta and Papathanasiou, 2014). Nurses have a crucial role in promoting the health and welfare of patients. Establishing a relationship of trust in the beginning of care is crucial in promoting effective communication (Houghton and Allen, 2005). The first meeting between a nurse and a patient is important since this could either reassure patients or convey fear and indifference (ODaniel and Rosenstein, 2008). However, communicating with patients who suffer from cognitive impairment or are unable to communicate because of confusion and hypoxia is often difficult and challenging (ODaniel and Rosenstein, 2008). In patients unable to verbally express themselves, nurses have to recognise non-verbal messages in order to determine the healthcare needs of the patients (Watson, 2008). For instance, facial expressions, body gestures and posture (Houghton and Allen, 2005) could help identity the patients feelings and needs. Effective communication is important in patient care since this will help facilitate timely and early interv ention for the needs of the patients (Watson, 2008). Kourkouta and Papthanasiou (2014) argue that physical space, social and cultural values and psychological conditions have an impact on the communication between the nurse and patient and vice versa. Hence, it is crucial for nurses to identify the factors that promote effective communication and those that deter patients from communicating their needs with the nurses. For instance, a language barrier might lead to miscommunication or misinformation, which in turn, affects the quality of communication of the nurses and patients. Apart from communication skills, healthcare professionals are also bound to provide safe and effective care as stressed in the Code of Conduct for nurses in Ireland (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, 2014). Avoidance of medication errors does not only promote safe and effective care but also prevents adverse events and death of the patients. Acquiring numeracy skills is a prerequisite in the prepara tion and safe administration of medications. However, Eastwood et al. (2011) suggest that a number of nursing students have poor numeracy skills. While applicability of the findings of these studies to a larger and more heterogeneous population is limited due to the small sample sizes, findings could show a trend on the numeracy skills of nursing students. These suggest the need to enhance nursing curriculum to ensure that students have sufficient numeracy skills to prepare and administer medications before they become registered nurses. It is noteworthy that these findings are not only seen in nursing students but also in registered nurses (Warburton, 2010). This indicates that there is a continuing need to train nurses on how to safely administer or prepare medications in order to prevent medication errors. Another nursing quality that is associated with quality care is the ability to show empathy to patients. Empathy is described as the ability to share and understand the feel ings of other people (Kinnell and Hughes, 2010). Developing this characteristic could calm down patients and let them feel that nurses are willing to listen to their concerns and are available to help them with their needs. Rana and Upton (2009) suggest that patients are satisfied with the care they receive if they perceive nurses to be empathic to their needs, feelings and concerns. Increasing levels of patient satisfaction is important since high levels are associated with better quality care (Rana and Upton, 2009). The Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, 2014) should also develop skills on how to collaborate effectively with others. This means that individuals also have to learn effective leadership skills in order to lead health care teams, introduce innovations and work in partnership with other agencies in order to improve care. It has been shown that the transformational leadership style is consistent with effective leadership ( Bach and Ellis, 2011). This type of leadership requires leaders to develop empathy with their colleagues and patients. These leaders also tend to have high emotional intelligence (Bach and Ellis, 2011). Hence, developing the skills needed to become a transformational leader would be essential as a nurse. Further, collaborating with others requires skills on how to resolve conflicts. Health and Safety Issues Nurses working on clinical and primary care settings have some health and safety issues to consider. For example, nurses assigned to patients who are immobile often have to handle these patients manually. Failure to properly handle patients could lead to health issues such as musculoskeletal injuries (Cornish and Jones, 2007; Powell-Cope et al., 2014). The rising incidence of musculoskeletal injuries (Powell-Cope et al., 2014) is a cause of concern since guidelines are available for nurses and students on how to properly handle patients manually. Yet, it has been shown that adherence to these guidelines is not optimal for both students and registered nurses (Powell-Cope et al., 2014). This suggests that translating evidence and uptake of guidelines in actual practice still remains to be low despite aggressive implementation of these guidelines in clinical practice. Health and safety issues are often influenced by the culture present in the clinical setting (Powell-Cope et al., 2014 ). For instance, student nurses who observe registered nurses not following policies or guidelines might assimilate this bad practice once they become registered nurses (Cornish and Jones, 2007). Apart from developing musculoskeletal injuries, nurses who work long hours are also at risk of nursing burnout. It has been shown that nursing burnout is associated with lower job satisfaction (Mrayyan, 2006). This in turn affects the psychological health of the nurses, their interaction with patients and reduces the quality of care they provide to their patients (Mrayyan, 2006). Hence, it is essential to consider the number of nursing staff and whether this could support the current needs of patients in healthcare settings. Further, nursing burnout also indirectly affects nursing-patient ratio since nurses who report burnout are more likely to leave their jobs (Mrayyan, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). This could lead to a high turnover of nursing, which in turn, affects the quality of care re ceived by the patients. Another important health and safety issue in healthcare setting includes percutaneous and needle-stick and sharp injuries. This health issue is related to poor compliance to universal precaution (Jacob et al., 2010). This is challenging since studies (Gershon et al., 2009; Jacob et al., 2010) have shown that nurses tend to report high knowledge and awareness on universal precaution. The risk associated with failure to observe universal precaution when handling sharp objects in clinical settings include increased risk of acquiring HIV infection, Hepatitis B and C (Mark et al., 2007; Elder and Paterson, 2007). Reporting of injuries is also crucial in maintaining the safety of nurses in clinical settings. However, current data on this type of injuries might not truly reflect actual practice since underreporting is often noted in published studies (Gershon et al., 2009). For instance, Gershon et al. (2009) report that 45% of percutaneous injuries were not repo rted. The incidence of percutaneous injuries highlights the need for consistent training of the nurses. Job Opportunities Nurses in Ireland have many job opportunities as demand of healthcare increases. Incidence of long-term conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart diseases have increased in the last few decades (DHSSPS, 2012). This requires specialist care from nurses. Further, the ageing population also means that individuals are living longer and hence, might require additional care to ensure longevity or address chronic conditions that affect older persons (DHSSPS, 2012). Newly registered nurses could acquire experience and develop to become specialists in their respective fields. For example, there is a need for specialist nurses such as diabetes nurses to manage patients suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, mental health nurses are required in community and clinical settings to manage patients suffering from schizophrenia, depression, postpartum psychosis, depression and other mental health conditions. Learning disability nurses provide support and care management to patients and their families suffering from learning disabilities. Meanwhile, paediatric nurses provide care to paediatric patients. Nurses could also choose to specialise to become part of surgical theatre teams. Others could also opt to become mentors, cardiology nurses or respiratory specialists. Nurses who are now specialists could also choose to further hone their skills and qualify as a nurse prescriber. These nurses could prescribe medications from their own field of specialty only (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, 2015). It has been shown that inclusion of nurse prescribers allow continuity of care and higher patient satisfaction (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, 2015). Patients report that they are also satisfied with the type of care they receive from nurse prescribers and view them as showing more empathy and sensitivity to their situations. However, it should be noted that nurses who choose to become specialists or nurse prescribers have to engage in continuing professional development, earn a Masters degree in nursing or continue to train in their respective fields. Hence, learning is seen as continuous when an individual engages in the nursing profession. Since this is a caring profession, nurses are also expected to show empathy and compassion to their patients. These characteristics are often honed as nurses become highly specialised in their chosen fields. Conclusion Nursing is a caring profession that aims to provide quality, patient-centred care to the patients. Preparing to become a registered nurse in Ireland requires earning a nursing degree. The path to becoming an effective nurse begins in the nursing student years. Developing attitudes such as empathy, compassion, responsibility and accountability and practical skills such as numeracy skills could all promote quality care. As patients perceive their nurses to reflect these attitudes and skill, they would be reassured that their nurses truly care and are willing to manage their health condition. This essay also argues the importance of developing communication skills in order to identify the needs of the patient and introduce early interventions. However, becoming a nurse is also challenging because of health and safety issues. These include the risk of musculoskeletal, percutaneous and needle-stick injuries. Some nurses, due to a low nurse-patient ratio, may also suffer from nursing bur nout. Once this occurs, this might lead to poor job satisfaction and high nursing turnover. Quality of patient care is affected when there are fewer and dissatisfied nurses. Finally, this essay shows that there are many job opportunities for nurses in Ireland. References Bach, S. Ellis, P. (2011) Leadership, Management and Team Working in Nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters. Cornish, J. Jones, A. (2007) Evaluation of moving and handling training for pre-registration nurses and its application to practice, Nurse Education in Practice, 7(3), pp. 128-134. Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2012) Living with long term conditions: A policy framework. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety. Eastwood, KJ, Boyle, MJ, Williams, B, Fairhall, R (2011) Numeracy skills of nursing students. Nurse Education Today. 31(8) November. pp. 815-818. Elder, A. Paterson, C. (2006) Sharps injuries in UK health care: a review of injury rates, viral transmission and potential efficacy of safety devices, Occupational Medicine, 56 (8), pp. 566-574. Gershon, R., Pearson, J., Sherman, M., Samar, S., Canton, A. Stone, P. (2009) The prevalence and risk factors for percutaneous injuries in registered nurses i n the home health care sector, American Journal of Infection Control, 37(7), pp. 525-533. Houghton, A. Allen, J. (2005) Doctor-patient communication, British Medical Journal Career Focus, 330, pp. 36-37. Jacob, A., Newson-Smith, M., Murphy, E., Steiner, M. Dick, F. (2010) Sharps injuries among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates, Occupational Medicine, 6(5), pp. 395-397. Kinnell, D. Hughes, P. (2010) Mentoring Nursing and Healthcare Students. London: SAGE. Kourkouta, L. Papathanasiou, I. (2014) Communication in nursing practice, Materia Socio Medica, 26(1), pp. 65-67. Mark, B., Hughes, L., Belyea, M., Chang, Y., Hofmann, D., Jones, C. Bacon, C. (2007) Does safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries?, Journal of Safety Research, 38(4), pp. 431-446. Mrayyan, M. (2006) Jordanian nurses job satisfaction, patients satisfaction and quality of nursing care, International Nurse Review, 53(3), pp. 224-23 0. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland (2014) The Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Registered Nurses and Registered Midwives. Ireland: Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland [Online]. Available from: https://www.nursingboard.ie/en/code/new-code.aspx (Accessed: 15 June, 2015). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland (2015) What are NMBIs professional regulations and guidance for nurse/midwife prescribing? [Online]. Available from: https://www.nursingboard.ie/en/prescriptive_authority.aspx#faq2 (Accessed: 15 June, 2015). ODaniel, https://www.nursingboard.ie/en/prescriptive_authority.aspx#faq2 M. Rosenstein, A. (2008) Professional communication and team collaboration. In: Hughes, R. (ed.), Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for healthcare research and quality. Powell-Cope, G.,Toyinbo, P., Patel, N., Rugs, D., Elnitsky, C., Hahm, B., Sutton, B., Campbell, R., Besterman-Dahan, K., Matz, M., Hodgson, M. (2014 ) Effects of a National Safe Patient Handling Program on Nursing Injury Incidence Rates, The Journal of Nursing Administration, 44(10), pp. 525-534. Rana, D. Upton, D. (2009) Psychology for nurses. London: Pearson. Warburton, P. (2010) Numeracy and patient safety: the need for regular staff assessment, Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing, Great Britain), 24(27), pp. 42-46. Watson, D. (2008) Pneumonia 2: Effective nursing assessment and management, Nursing Times, 104(5), pp. 30-31. Wong, C., Cummings, G. Ducharme, L. (2013) The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: A systematic review update, Journal of Nursing Management, 21(5), pp. 709-724.

Inter Rater Reliability What Do Two Or More Informants...

Inter-rater reliability is to what extent do two or more informants agree with what they have observed. It is extremely important when doing researches since it can weaken the accuracy of the result. If there are a lot of disagreement between different informants, the findings then will not be considered as the correct representation of the variables measured. Inter-rater reliability is also essential when clinicians are making a diagnosis. There could be some unavoidable biases from the clinicians while interviewing the patients; thereby, there might be false interpretation towards the severity of symptoms. However, for two studies conducted by Briggs-Gowan., Carter, Schwab-Stone (1996) and Sawyer, Streiner, and Baghurst (1998), the poor inter-rater reliability could prove either one of their hypothesis right. Briggs-Gowan et al.’s (1996) study was aiming to find out possible associations between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and the tendency to report discrepancies on the children’s psychopathology symptoms comparing to children and teachers report. Whereas, Sawyer et al. (1998) were hoping to extend Fergusson et al.’s (1993) study by proving that there was only a small effect on both parents’ distress with the reports of children’s behavior. Nonetheless, there were other possible reasons for the poor inter-rater reliability other than parents’ distress. For instance, informants might be using a different approach to rate children’s behavior since depressedShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain of Innovation11601 Words   |  47 Pagesoperations management, particularly in the development of new theory. This is particularly true in today’s environment. To cope with the growing frequency and magnitude of changes in technology and managerial methods, operations management researchers have been calling for greater employment of field-based research methods (Lewis, 1998). Pure case research, that is research based on analysis of a limited number of cases to which, at best, only limited statistical analysis can be applied, is widely usedRead MoreThe Impact of Employee Satisfaction on Quality and Profitability in High-Contact Service Industries10865 Words   |  44 PagesSaccania et al. 2007). Many firms have enthu siastically applied the operation-centric approach and demonstrated that it is an effective means for improving organizational efficiency. Nevertheless, the impact of human resources on operational systems has often been overlooked (Boudreau et al. 2003). The importance of employee attitudes, such as job satisfaction, employee loyalty, and organizational commitment, and their impacts on operational performance have largely been neglected in the extantRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesdoes she construe her location, her positioning relative to the participants: Does she view herself as distant and objective or intimately involved in their lives? Third, what is the â€Å"direction of her ‘gaze’†: Is it outward, toward others—externalizing the research problem—or does it include explicit inner contemplation? Fourth, what is the purpose of the research: Does she assume that the primary purpose of the study is professional and essentially private (e.g., promoting her career), or is it intended

Factors Affecting the Buying Behaviour of Vlcc Products Essay Example For Students

Factors Affecting the Buying Behaviour of Vlcc Products Essay Chapter -1 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 1) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:- A) To ascertain the availability of VLCC PERSONAL CARE Products in the market. B) To know the end user response towards VLCC PERSONAL CARE products. C) To know the factors which affect the growth of VLCC products. D) To know the services provided by VLCC PERSONAL CARE products in the market. Chapter -2 INTRODUCTION 2) INTRODUCTION:- The whole study about the factors which affect the buying patterns of the end consumers in personal care products. The factors like presence ,promotion, customer need satisfaction , channel strategy and support system which affect the VLCC in the market ,trans Gomti Lucknow. VLCC enter in the market as a personal care product and presently they capture around 12% market of trans gomti . About VLCC:- The guideline of VLCC Group is â€Å"Transforming Lives†. By this guideline ,we imply transforming self, spreading happiness and transforming future. These three pillars have been the hallmarks of our company since Mrs. VanDana Luthra founded it in 1989. They remain the foundation of VLCC upon which we continue to build our success today. Without change in wellness, VLCC revolutionized this industry and acquired the status of India’s largest health and beauty brand. Today VLCC is the single largest player in the organized sector with a pan- India presence of nearly 225 outlets across 90 cities, 1 in Katmandu , 10 locations in UAE, 2 in Oman, 1 in Bahrain and 1 in Al Ain. The VLCC Group, a â€Å"super brand†, serves as an umbrella for all its other brands – VLCC Health Care Ltd. , VLCC Personal Care Ltd. and VLCC Institute of Beauty , Health and Management, VLCC Day Spa VLCC Nutri-Diet clinic. VLCC services provide holistic wellness, as a service, marrying scientific research and traditional therapies. VLCC having served around 10 million customers since its inception, VLCC, today , has achieved an iconic status across the world and it is India’s largest and most preferred Slimming , Beauty Health care brand. To ensure a good quality of life for everyone, by adopting and pursuing ethically and socially relevant business practices aimed at shaping up people’s confidence and making Slimming, Beauty Health accessible to every sections of our society. NOVENA Enterprise is the channel partners of VLCC Personal Care product in trans gomti. NOVENA Enterprise is the trading house which mainly deals in Personal Care , Health Care and OTC product of the major players of market like as VLCC ,CIPLA. They have authorized distributor and marketing promotion rights of all above mentioned company. They provides the supply of product, demand generation of the product and also promote the products with there own marketing team. Company Profile:- VLCC PERSONAL CARE PVT. LTD. Gurgaon,Haryana,India PharmaceuticalsProducts-Manufacturer,Export/Import, Pvt. Ltd. FirmSince1996 Mission:- The VLCC with uncompromising integrity ethics, sustaining environmentally sound standards, backed by strong state of the art RD scalable manufacturing facility in tax free zone offers you reliable range of Ayurvedic and non Ayurvedic products that you can confidently launch under your brand, thus have a competitive advantage. VLCC is the worlds first beauty, slimming and fitness corporate to get the ISO 9001:2000 certification. It is also one of only about 165 companies globally, and the first of its kind in the world, to have been awarded the SA:8000 (Social Accountability) certification and the first in the industry globally to receive the ISO:14001 certification for being an environment friendly company. That VLCC is one of the countrys most recognized brands in its own right is an acknowledged fact and this is reinforced by the its recent induction into the world-wide hall of fame for brands by being awarded the international Super brand status. One of VLCCs major diversifications has been the setting up of VLCC Personal Care to manufacture and market beauty products. The VLCC Personal Care line of over 100 natural skin-care, body-care and hair-care products for the retail and professional segments have found a ready market all across India. Encouraged by the response, the company is setting up a chain of exclusive stores under the brand VLCC Beauty Shop. VLCC also manages a prestigious centre of learning related to its area of expertise, called the VLCC Institute of Beauty, Health and Management. Based in New Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow and Bangalore and affiliated to City , UK, it provides technical training not only to students wishing to take up beauty and nutrition as a career but also imparts training to professional in the field wishing to upgrade their skills. In addition, it is the in-house training academy for VLCC staff, which currently numbers over 3000. To date, nearly 3000 students have passed through VLCCs institutes portals in the three years since its inception . VLCC – region’s top scientific slimming and preventive healthcare brand, comes to Oman Pioneering wellness group offers scientific ways to lose weight Sultanate identified as key market for VLCC’s global expansion Muscat, April 17, 2008: VLCC – one of the region’s premier scientific slimming, beauty and preventive healthcare brands, will mark its foray into the Sultanate of Oman with the inauguration of its first slimming centre in Muscat this week. VLCC has revolutionized the concept of beauty and fitness in India and the UAE with its ‘Look Good Feel Great’ mantra, has carved a distinct niche for itself in the ‘wellness’ domain which includes slimming, beauty, fitness, personal care products and education and training institutes. Announcing the group’s expansion plans in Oman, Ms Vandana Luthra – Founder and Mentor of VLCC, said: â€Å"VLCC’s foray into the Sultanate of Oman is in line with our commitment to provide our consumers with state-of-art services in a congenial and comfortable environment. We have a flourishing and rapidly expanding network in India and the UAE, which is a testimony of people’s faith in our brand and services. Driven by growing awareness levels for slimming and fitness across the region, VLCC is aiming to seek a niche positioning in Oman, motivated by its mass appeal and world-class bouquet of services. † She added: â€Å"Our personalized approach is based on years of experience that at VLCC every customer is unique, in terms of aspects such as lifestyle, attitude and body logic. We will continue to offer our customized services in Muscat as per the individual’s needs, medical status and body composition analysis. † VLCC’s USP is its scientific approach to tackling weight loss. An in-depth knowledge of various factor responsible for an individuals health and body fat such as medical status, age, gender, level of energy, diet composition, physical activity, alcohol intake and smoking habits is acquired by VLCC’s trained team of specialists. In addition, a comprehensive Body Composition Analysis (BCA) makes a significant qualitative and quantitative contribution towards a customized weight management programme. VLCC helps its customers achieve a gradual and steady scientific weight-loss. The regimens do not involve the use of appetite suppressants, drugs and anorexic diets. At VLCC, one is encouraged to eat the right kind of food. The right proportion and quality of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants is formulated, keeping in mind cultural eating patterns and individual diet likes and dislikes. VLCC helps in altering eating habits and making physical activity part of the lifestyle, thereby preventing obesity in long term. Its scientific and planned approach treats every individual personally, as each client is handled in a different manner depending on his / her specific medical condition and lifestyle. Another fact that makes VLCC unique is its essential body firming, toning and detoxifying therapies which help to tighten the skin by providing it the requisite tone. VLCCs care for customers doesnt end with the completion of a weight loss programme. All weight loss clients receive counseling on weight maintenance. VLCC, currently an RO40 million group, is also planning an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 2009. While the details of the IPO will be announced later in the year, the capital raised would be used mainly to fund VLCC’s growth plans in the Middle East and beyond and further expansion in its three lines of business – slimming beauty services, manufacturing and retailing of personal care products and beauty and nutrition education training services. Market Profile:- Lucknow is one of the fastest growing market in India. It is the face of changing India and continuous changing the buying patterns of consumers. The awareness of Personal Care product is increasing. The consumer is ready to invest on the quality products which satisfy the need of consumers. So the VLCC emerge as a big contender of the Personal Care product market of Lucknow because of high quality products , effective promotion and sales strategies which give a edge to VlCC in the market. VLCC provides some very effective and satisfactory products in the market after identification of the need of consumers by which VlCC become a household name. VlCC put their effort in the very basic yet affective sales strategy like proper placement of product with the help of strength full distribution channel partners of the local market. VLCC start providing the benefits to the both retailers and consumers. For retailers they provide the huge margins ,proper supply, attractive promotional schemes , affective sales field support. For consumers they provide high quality products in very competitive price, the change of products to satisfy the max. set of . consumers needs like waste and tummy gel for shape up the body and mom’z for removing the stretch marks. VLCC provides the range of products in the category shape correction, skin care, hair care and eye care. My second vision is to choose Lucknow as a study field of Personal Care product because Lucknow is a huge market for Personal Care products. which is established by this calculation which I calculated from my side for only one product which is suns cream Lotion:- Suns cream is available in the market in the pack of 100 ml @ of Rs. 135 . Total population of Lucknow is around 42 lacs . Around 15 lacs population living in trans gomti Lucknow. Our target population is only 5 lacs which is majorly using the suns cream to safeguard skin from UV rays. Suppose a consumer spends Rs. 5 per day on his consumption of sunscream, then 5 lac consumer would spend total Rs. 75 lac in a single day and around 2250 lac on monthly basis , and 27000lacs on yearly basis. If VlCC is successful in capturing only 1% market i. e. 270 lac on a single product which is a huge amount. product. Types of Products:- Years of research, testing, and the manufacture of formulations enables us to offer you products that are of the highest quality. We are proud to offer you the following: BATH CARE †¢ Bath Shower Gels †¢ Milk Baths †¢ Bubble Baths †¢ Bath Oils †¢ All-Over Body Shampoos †¢ Splashes Bath Crystals/Salts †¢ Body Salt Sugar Scrubs †¢ Hand Body Lotions †¢ Whipped Body Creams SKIN TREATMENTS †¢ Creams (antioxidant, therapeutic s, botanicals, etc. ) †¢ Skin Brighteners] †¢ Lotions †¢ Moisturizers (creams, lotions, gels sprays non aerosol) †¢ Scrubs †¢ Masques †¢ Serums †¢ Gels †¢ Toners/Astringents †¢ Cleansers †¢ Sprays (non-aerosol) †¢ After Shaves †¢ Shaving Gels/Creams Slimming Products †¢ Anti-Cellulite Cream/Gel †¢ Bust Firming Cream †¢ Chin neck firmer Hair Care †¢ Shampoos †¢ After Sun- Gel Lotion †¢ Styling Gels/Lotions (non-aerosol) †¢ Volumizers †¢ Setting Lotions †¢ Henna Sun Care Sun Block -Cream, Lotion Gel Conditioners Eye Care †¢ Under Eye Cream †¢ Kajal (Eye-Kohl) Awards Recognition:- The greatest reward, which VLCC enjoys, is the trust and faith that million have in its name. VLCC today is a brand synonymous with Slimming, Beauty Health care. It is the only brand in the world which get the world’s first Health and Beauty corporate to get the ISO 9001:2000 certifications. VLCC has over the years received a host of award for excellence and women entrepreneurship. Some of them include as: †¢ The ‘Super brand’ status one of the most recognizable brands in the country today. Images Retailer of the Year Award in 2004, 2005 2006 (Health Beauty care category). †¢ ICICI Bank Retail Excellence Award 2005 (Health Beauty care). †¢ The Institute for Marketing Management (IMM) Award for the Woman Entrepreneur of the Year in 2004. †¢ Whirlpool/Gr8 Magazine Award for the Woman Entrepreneur of the Year in 2004. †¢ Best Beauty Wellness company-   Mega Excellence Award. †¢ The FICCI Ladies Organization, (FLO) honored the endeavors of Mrs. Luthra for promoting a healthy way of life by felicitating her as a Successful Business Woman in the Health Fitness Category, 2005. Amity Woman Achiever Award for promoting Health and Fitness Solutions, 2006. †¢ Outstanding Businesswoman award by PHD Chamber of Commerce Industry, 2007. †¢ VLCC Alive was awarded the Most Admired Retailer Of The Year -Innovative Concept at Images Retail Awards 2007. †¢ Witnessing Mrs. Luthra’s steadfast dedication towards liberating women through education and empowerment, the Department Of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce Industry Govt. of India, made her a member of the Task force on women entrepreneurs. †¢ Rajeev Gandhi Women Achiever 2008. Award for Woman Super Achiever in Retail by the Retail Congress- 2009. †¢ Women Business leader in Health Care- 2009- Women Leaders in India   Forum. Chapter -3 LITRATURE REVIEW 3) LITRATURE REVIEW Article 1 â€Å"The Dirichlets Buyer Behaviour Assumptions Really Do Matter† ANZMAC 2000 Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challenge 1994 When any reliable models do not fit observed data it tells us that some condition in the market violates the underlying assumptions of the model – and this can be very useful information indeed. EXTENDED EssayTable 20:- Accessibility of VLCC |Accessibility | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid |very good |11 |10. 7 |11. 0 | INTERPRETATION:- 42% of the retailers said that accessibility of the products are very good or good, 23 % said that it is average,35% said it is bad and it can be further improved u) Providing Beauty Advisors Table 21:- Providing Beauty Advisors by VLCC |Providing beauty advisor | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid |very good |9 |8. 7 |9. 0 | INTERPRETATION:- 40% of the retailers said that they are satisfied with beauty advisor, 21 % said that it is average,39% said it is bad and it can be further improved by providing more beauty advisors. CHI SQUARE TEST Hypothesis Null hypothesis(H0):There is no association between price and satisfaction level. Alternate hypothesis(H1) : There is association between price and satisfaction level Significant level : 5% Table 22:- chi square table of price and satisfaction level | | |PRICE * satisfaction Cross tabulation | |Count | | |satisfaction |Total | | |1. 00 |2. 0 | | |PRICE |very good |54 |12 |66 | | |good |29 |5 |34 | |Total |83 |17 |100 | | | | | | | | |Chi-Square Tests | | | |Count | | |BA |Total | | |1. 00 |2. 00 | | |customer |1. 00 |51 |22 |73 | | |2. 00 |10 |17 |27 | |Total |61 |39 |100 | Table 23:- chi square table of customer response and providing beauty advisor | |Chi-Square Tests | | | |Count | | |BA |Total | | |1. 00 |2. 00 | | |satisfaction |1. 00 |54 |29 |83 | | |2. 0 |7 |10 |17 | |Total |61 |39 |100 | |Chi-Square Tests | | | |Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. |. 668 | |Bartletts Test of Sphericity |Approx. Chi-Square |247. 862 | | |df |105 | | |Sig. |. 000 | Analysis Kaiser-Meyer-olkin index for comparing the magnitudes of observed corealtion coefficient to the magnitude of the partail correlation coefficents. ) From the value of KMO it can be analysed that there is no error in 66. 8% of the sample and remaining 33. 2% may have some sort of error. KMO and Bartlett’s Test showa that the strength of the relationship among variables is large enough. so its shows the sampling adequcy more then . 50. â€Å"Bartlett’s test of sphericity† (strength of relationship among varibles is strong. It presents good idea to proceed factor analysis for data. ) H0:There is no significant difference between factors affecting buying behaviour towards retailers. H1: There is significant difference between factors affecting buying behaviour towards retailers. Observed significance level= 0. 000 Expected significance level = . 050 Observed significance level Expected significance level Reject H0 Analysis There is significant difference between factors affecting buying behaviour towards retailers. Communalities :Initial vs. Extraction Communality of each statement refers to the variance being shared or common by other statements. With reference to first statement, the extraction is . 469 which indicates that 46. 9% of the variance is being shared or common to other statements . Table26:- Communalities Communalities | | |Initial |Extraction | |Brand Image |1. 000 |. 469 | |Margin |1. 000 |. 656 | |Availability |1. 000 |. 739 | |Packaging |1. 000 |. 697 | |Price |1. 000 |. 678 | |Satisfaction level |1. 000 |. 610 | |Value addition |1. 000 |. 09 | |Promotional scheme |1. 000 |. 541 | |Customer response |1. 000 |. 601 | |Replacement for damages |1 . 000 |. 584 | |Quality |1. 000 |. 572 | |Salesman services |1. 000 |. 687 | |Innovation |1. 000 |. 712 | |Accessibility |1. 000 |. 656 | |Providing beauty advisor |1. 00 |. 706 | |Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. | Percentage of Variance Accounted For By The Three Components Model The variance explained by the initial solution, extracted component and rotated components is displayed. |Total Variance Explained | |Component |Initial Eigen values |Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | | | Table 27-Total Variance explained Analysis: The cumulative percentage column gives the percentage if variance accounted for the first n components. so we can judge that about 64. 121% of total variance in 15 factors is attributable to first six components. Also we can conclude that variable 1 explains a variance of 3. 138 which is 20. 917% of total variance. Variable 2 explains a variance of 1. 685 which is 11. 235% of total variance. Variable 3 explains a variance of 1. 524 which is 10. 157% of total variance. Variable 4 explains a variance of 1. 147 which is 7. 647% of total variance. Variable 5 explains a variance of 1. 085 which is 7. 232% of total variance. Variable 6 explains a variance of 1. 040 which is 6. 32% of total variance. Table 28:-Component Matrix Before Rotation |Component Matrix | | |Component | | | |a. 6 components extracted. | Analysis This matrix contains loadings of each variable into each factor. by default SPSS displays all loadings; however , we have requested that all loadings less that . 4 should be suppressed in output and so there are blank spaces for many of loadings. This matrix is not particularly important for interpretation. Table 29: Rotated Component Matrix |Rotated Component Matrix | | |Component | | | |a. Rotation converged in 16 iterations. | The rotated component matrix is a matrix of the factor loadings for each variables onto factors. this matrix is calculated after rotation ands contains same information as the component matrix contains before rotation. Factor analysis Factor number |Factor name |Variables statement |Factor |Variance% |Cumulative | | | |and number |Loadings | | | |Factor 1 |Services by company |Brand Image |. 519 |20. 917% |20. 917% | | | | |. 555 | | | | | |Satisfaction level |. 771 | | | | | | |. 53 | | | | | |Accessibility | | | | | | |Providing beauty | | | | | | |advisor | | | | |Factor 2 |Outlet offerings |Promotional scheme |. 660 |11. 235% |32. 152% | | | |Replacement for |. 529 | | | | | |damages | | | | | | | |. 511 | | | | | |Quality |. 06 | | | | | | | | | | | | |Innovation | | | | |Factor 3 |Product |Availability |. 764 |10. 157% |42. 309% | | |Accessibility |Pack aging |. 769 | | | |Factor 4 |Benefits |Margin |. 733 |7. 647% |49. 956% | | | |Salesmanservices |-. 792 | | | |Factor 5 |Customer Relationship |Value addition |. 780 |7. 232% |57. 88% | | | |Customer response | | | | | | | |. 646 | | | |Factor 6 |Economical factors |Price |. 820 |6. 932% |64. 121% | Factor discussion 1. Factor 1(services by the company) This factor has emerged as the most important factor of our research with 20. 917% of variance. Major elements of this includes Brand Image (. 519), Satisfaction level(. 555) Accessibility(. 771) ,Providing beauty advisor(. 653) . This factor is most important to attract customers. To keep retailers happy and to make them more stock of VLCC have to take care of all these points. 2. Factor 2(Outlet offerings) This factor is also important and contribute to 11. 235% of variance. Major elements of this includes Promotional scheme (. 620)Replacement for damages(. 529) Quality(. 511) Innovation( . 706). so company should also take care of its offers. 3. Factor 3(Product Accessibility) This factor contributes to 10. 157% of variance and includes 2 variable i. e. Availability (. 764),Packaging(. 769). To shows that retailers want availability of right product at right time and also at genuine price. 4. Factor 4(Benefits) This factor contributes to 7. 47% of variance and includes 2 variable i. e. Margin(. 733), Salesman service(-. 792). so company don’t need to worry more about charges . customers are ready to pay but they want good services by company. 5. Factor 5(Customer Response) This factor contributes to 7. 232% of variance and includes 2 variable i. e. Va lue addition(. 780) ,Customer response(. 646). Company provides different –different value addition on different seasons for getting more more customers. 6. Factor 6(Economical factors) This factor contributes to 6. 932% of variance and includes 1 variable i. e. Price(. 820). Company should provide low price for getting more customers. Chapter -6 CONCLUSION FINDINGS 6) CONCLUSION AND FINDINGS o The most important factor which affect retailer’s buying behaviour for cosmetics products is services provided by the company o Customers are ready to pay but they want good services by company o Retailers are satisfied with margins provided by company. o Distributor want more sales force for capturing the new market. o Company should provide small packs of their product. o Availability of VLCC product in the market is good. Company must be increase the availability of product. o Salesman services provided by the company are average. So company should make arrangements for more salesman in the market. Chapter 7 LIMITATION 7) Limitations ? Biasness- as data collected is also through only observation. ? Geographical barrier- as data has to be collected from Lucknow only. ? Time constraint- as lots of questionnaire is to be filled it involves lots of traveling. ? Office timing- as VLCC follow a very tight schedule and very punctual about the time. And moreover, most of the Retailers are busy during evening time so they have to be visited during day time. ? Reliability- as data is collected through questionnaires and internet, so it may happen that the information provided by them is not true or reliable. Chapter -8 RECOMMENDATIONS 8) RECOMMENDATIONS VLCC should provide more offers to their retailers. †¢ They should focus more on advertising strategy. †¢ They provide small sachet because these are in very much demand. †¢ They should provide various schemes to their customers to motivate them to purchase. †¢ They should provide more beauty advisors to retailers. â € ¢ They should increase the sales force in the market. †¢ They should provide more margins to retailers. Chapter-9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9) BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS 1) KOTLER PHILIP, July 2003. Marketing Management, eleventh edition, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Publishing Co. , Ltd. 2) KOTLER PHILIP , KELLER KEVIN LANE, KOSHY ABRAHAM, JHA MITHILESHWAR, 2009. Marketing Management: A South Asian Perspective,13th edition, New Delhi: Pearson Prentice Hall 3) NARESH K MALHOTRA, SATYABHUSHAN DASH, 2009, Market Research: An applied orientation, 5th edition , Prentice Hall Website:- 1) www. VLCC. co. inabout,us 2) www. VLCCpersonalcare. com 3) http://members. byronsharp. com/6884. pdf 4)http://dspace. iimk. ac. in/bitstream/123456789/82/1/Retailing-Mulky_Nargundkar. pdf 5) http://dspace. iimk. ac. in/bitstream/2259/326/1/581-595. pdf 6) http://inferringvalue. files. wordpress. com/2010/06/factors-affecting-e-tailing-website-effectiveness-an-indian-perspective. pdf Chapter -10 ANNEXURE 10) ANNEXURE Retailers Survey Name Of the Shop :- Retailers Name :- Address :- Q 1- Do you stock VLCC Products a) Yes b) No Q 2- If yes, the most preferable FMCG product that you stock a) VLCC b) LOTUS c) BIOTIQUE d) PONDS e) Others Q 3- If No, Why ? a) Absence of Sales man b) Low Margin c) No Replacement for Damage d) Low Distribution e) Low Sales Q 4- You get VLCC Products from a) Directly from NOVENA b) Other Supplier Q 5- Which sale promotional activities does the VLCC undertake for their Products a) Price off b) Value additions c) Credit Facility d) Free samples e) Advertisement Q 6- What is Consumer’s expectation from VLCC? a) Good Quality b) Attractive Packaging ) Ease of Availability d) Lower Price e) Replacement for Damages Please fill the following questions on the basis of your liking. |Very Good |1 | |Good |2 | |Average |3 | |Bad |4 | |Very Bad |5 | Q 7:- VLCC products in terms of Brand Image Q 8:- VLCC products in terms of Availability Q 9:- VLCC products in terms of Margin Q 10:- VLCC pro ducts in terms of Packaging Q 11:- VLCC products in terms of Price Q 12:- VLCC products in terms of Satisfaction level Q 13:- VLCC products in terms of Value Addition Q 14:- VLCC products in terms of Promotional Scheme Q 15 :- Customer Response towards VLCC Product Q 16 :- VLCC provides Replacement for Damages Q 17:- VLCC products in terms of Quality Q 18:- VLCC products in terms of Salesman Services Q 19:- VLCC products in terms of Innovation

Dim Lighting Co. Essay Example

Dim Lighting Co. Essay Case Solution: The Dim Lighting Co. I. Problems: A. Macro 1. Will Dim Lighting be reactive? 2. Will Dim Lighting be proactive? B. Micro 1. Will Jim West be influenced by thoughts of what a second year of un-obtained targets will do to his career in making this budget decision? 2. West feels threatened every time Spinks does not receive his demands or â€Å"wish list. † II. Causes: 1. Previous unprofitable year. 2. Spinks’ past history of leaving a company that â€Å"lacked creativity and innovation†. III. Systems affected: . Structural – the structure is a traditional functional structure. This may not encourage the development of new products and ideas. 2. Psychosocial – other departments feel threatened by Spinks. Also, Jim West feels he is under pressure to improve the profit margins immediately. 3. Technical – both the production manager and Spinks want money to upgrade technical aspects of the company. 4. Managerial – West feels c aught between being innovative and trying to improve the bottom line immediately. 5. Goals and values – corporate headquarters does not seem to value risk taking and moving into new projects. If their rejection of the lighting proposal is indicative of their decisions, the company as a whole may become entrenched in old technology. IV. Alternatives: 1. Before making a budget decision, West should contact corporate offices to see if additional funds are available for RD. Spinks’ project would have a long-term effect on entire industry and possibly the parent company would contribute to the RD project. . If additional funds are unavailable, the budget committee needs to make some compromises and come to a consensus-it should not be an all-or-nothing proposition. Funds should be allocated for both RD and for upgrading essential equipment. 3. West should also ask the accountant, Preston, to make a three-tiered analysis of the project: (1) best-case scenario, (2) worst-case scenario, and (3) probable scenario. 4. West also needs to resolve his mixed feelings about the possibility of Spinks leaving. We will write a custom essay sample on Dim Lighting Co. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dim Lighting Co. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dim Lighting Co. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer West needs to approach Spinks, praising him for what he has accomplished in the RD department and asking him to help spread that high degree of morale across the company. West needs to make Spinks an ally rather than a potential deserter. V. Recommendations: 1. First try to obtain additional funds from parent company. 2. If additions are not available, obtain a consensus from the budget committee. Compromises will have to be made on length of time for RD projects, what equipment is needed, etc.

Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives

Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives By Maeve Maddox Sometimes readers ask for posts that would require superhuman powers on my part: Kindly produce an article containing all the exceptions for hyphenating compound adjectives, with examples. Hyphenation is not an exact science, and not all style guides agree on the rules. The chief purpose of hyphenating compound adjectives is to avoid ambiguity. Most modern usage authorities opt for what The Chicago Manual of Style calls â€Å"a spare hyphenation style†: 7. Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds In general, Chicago prefers a spare hyphenation style: if no suitable example or analogy can be found either in this section or in the dictionary, hyphenate only if doing so will aid readability. When Grammar Girl was chided for writing â€Å"noise canceling headphones† instead of â€Å"noise-canceling headphones,† she pointed out that leaving out the hyphen in that phrase â€Å"causes no ambiguity.† When one of my own readers called my attention to the unhyphenated phrase â€Å"19th century standardization of time† in a recent post, I decided to change it to â€Å"nineteenth-century standardization of time†- not because I think it ambiguous without a hyphen, but because Chicago is the style guide I’ve chosen for these posts. I failed to note that Chicago offers an analogy for hyphenating nineteenth-century before a noun: fourteenth-century monastery (7.85). Note: Chicago recommends spelling out numerals below 100, so I must also change 19th to nineteenth. The AP Stylebook, on the other hand, requires the spelling out of numerals ten and below. For AP, 19th century is correct. Still another stylebook, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation) offers this advice about hyphenating constructions like â€Å"nineteenth century standardization†: As important as hyphens are to clear writing, they can become an annoyance if overused. Avoid adding hyphens when the meaning is clear. Many phrases are so familiar (e.g.,  high school, twentieth century, one hundred percent) that they can go before a noun without risk of confusing the reader. Examples: a high school senior a twentieth century throwback one hundred percent correct Because practice varies, I wouldn’t begin to attempt to list â€Å"all the exceptions for hyphenating compound adjectives.† The best advice I can offer the reader who asked for such a list is this: Choose a style guide and follow its recommendations- advice I shall try to follow more carefully in future posts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Awoken or Awakened?Empathic or Empathetic?

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case analysis - Essay Example The NFL proposed a squad player salary of $ 1,000 per week. The union, however, insisted that the club owners give squad players benefits and protections similar to those provided regular players. After negotiations on the issue of developmental squad salaries reached an impasse, the NFL unilaterally implemented the developmental squad program by distributing to the clubs a uniform contract that embodied the terms of the program and the $ 1,000 proposed weekly salary. In 1990, 235 squad players brought suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the NFL and its member clubs, in which suit it was claimed that the employers' agreement to pay the squad players a $ 1,000 weekly salary violated the Sherman Act (15 USCS 1 et seq.). The District Court dismissed the petitioner's complaint. Thus, the case was brought to the Court of Appeals, which upheld the decision of the lower court. Petitioner then elevated the case to the Supreme Court on a writ of certiorari. A. The Supreme Court on certiorari said that the nonstatutory labor exemption shields from federal antitrust attack an agreement among several employers bargaining together to implement, after a collective bargaining impasse, the terms of the employers' last best good-faith wage offer. C. B. With respect to the application of the nonstatutory labor exemption to multiemployer collective bargaining, there was no basis for distinguishing football players from other organized workers. C. Stevens, J., expressed the view that neither the policies underlying the labor and antitrust statutory schemes, nor the purpose of the nonstatutory exemption, provided a justification for exempting from antitrust scrutiny collective action initiated by employers to depress wages below the level that would be produced in a free market. REACTION TO THE CASE The antitrust exemption applies to the employer conduct at issue here, which took place during and immediately after a collective-bargaining negotiation; grew out of, and was a directly related to, the lawful operation of the bargaining process; involved a matter that the parties were required to negotiate collectively; and concerned only the parties to the collective-bargaining relationship. The Court's holding is not intended to insulate from antitrust review every joint imposition of terms by employers, for an employer agreement could be sufficiently distant in time and in circumstances from the bargaining process that a rule permitting antitrust intervention would not significantly interfere with that process. The Court need not decide in this case

Inter War years (Between 1st and 2nd World War) Research Paper

Inter War years (Between 1st and 2nd World War) - Research Paper Example Overall this era set the foundation for what was to come ahead in form of Second world war and the cold war that followed afterwards. The inter war period can be termed as bridge era between the two major wars. It had its economic impacts, political, geographical and almost all important factors that determine the fate of any nation and region. This era can be stretched from the November 1918 and the most notable of those months and event was the Treaty of Versailles (Slavicek 2010), which according to many critiques and historians served as the reason towards the Second World War. The treaty of Versailles had its own importance and impact on the history. This treaty was full of many clauses and aspects which left deep animosity in the hearts of Germans. The lone clause of â€Å"war guilt† ( Ringer 2005, 72) served more severe than any. This clause had political, geographical as well as strategic repercussions. Areas of strategic importance were taken from Germany, large repar ations were imposed on them, their military might was cut to pieces and various other aspects which left bitter feeling in the hearts of Germans and made them resolve them taking revenge in upcoming years. The sick man of Europe, Turkey and the Ottoman Empire was on its last leg, and these days served its ending season. The empire officially came to an end (Al-Rasheed 2002, 2). As a result of defeat and ultimately treaty, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Turkey was reduced to a small unit. Turkey the former Ottoman Empire had to cede many areas and areas like Cyprus and Mesopotamia were separated from the Mega Empire and United Kingdom performed the honors and over took these areas. Other event that took place in parallel was that of creation of Irish state. While revolts and unrest had erupted couple of years back, but it has to settle down only at the end of the war, when Great Britain finally gave up to the demand of Irish people and allowed it creating its own borders and state with its over sovereign government and representation. Other notable event that took place the rise of Egypt and new state development in that part. While it had remained a colony and an occupied land in the 19th century under Napoleon and remained a land of strategic importance, eventually became independent from the status of British colony. The establishment of League of Nations was another major event that took place during the inter war period (Sengupta 2008, 173). The aim of this entity was to ensure no war of similar sort takes place again, it did pass number of resolutions, made some treaties, interventions were introduced, yet it could not live up to the expectation and seeing in a longer run, League of nation could not revert the deadly war that was awaiting the world and humanity. The Russian revolution in the name of socialism came into full force as well ((Smele 2006). This was the period of 1923 to 1924. As it is being said, that the first causality of war is humanity, it was the case in this regard as well. Much was invested over the military might, and the human suffering was exposed both in from of war and the inter period where the mighty nations spent more on ensuring mighty military than helping the poor. The soviet republic was a worse example in this regard and human suffering w

Relationship Between Globalization And Fashion Cultural Studies Essay

Relationship Between Globalization And Fashion Cultural Studies Essay With the first articles of clothing begin fashion. In the caves in the Middle Ages, then France, the high heel shoes were a sign that the person who wearing them belonging to aristocratic circles. This type of class affiliation when it comes to fashion can be seen today. Expensive fur coats and leather handbags are symbols of wealth and high fashion, financially inaccessible to medium and lower classes. The creators of the courts throught Europe have the force and made clothes for personal requirements of members of aristocratic circles. As the desire for beautiful, colorful and later grew, grew and the number of creators and the annual production of fashion items. Fashion has been passed on medieval Europe across borders through marriage contracts of the royal family and through retailers. However, it was hard to imagine a variety of fabrics, colors and designs of one part of Europe people at the other end of the continent. Development of fashion starts with chancing style and human trips all around the world. In Western Europe people start to change styles rapidly. In countries, which includes Japan, Turkey, Iran fashion is the same as last ten decades. Reasons are culture and religion. But on the West, globalization and money are reasons for every change in fashion industry. Many towns are recognized as a centers of global fashion because of all events in that towns. Some of them are Pariz, Milano, New York, London. The biggest names like Armani, Gucci made shows and revias in before named cities. London significant global city and it is considered as one of the biggest financial centers of Europe. Historical and cultural contributions maded on the whole of humanity is almost immeasurable, and it is known as a world center of fashion. With New York, Paris and Milano, London dictate the flow of movement in the fashion industry. The famous London Fashion Week is just one in a series of events whose fashion novelties copied the rest of the world. Burberry, Twenty Twelve, Vivienne Westwood, Topshop, Paul Smith, Stella McCartney are just some of the designers and fashion houses that have been heard almost everyone, and came from London. London is a city of casual atmosphere, perfect organization, innumerable cultural resources, but also a city known for great hospitality of its citizens. Globalization, in which the main task is to create a unique world, has a great influence in the creation and dissemination of fashion trends and general fashion. FASHION TRENDS Here are examples of some global trends, trends which are recognized in the whole world. The Converse All-Stars are popular shoes produced by the Converse company. They were produced for the first time it 1917 and were originally intended for the basketball players. The shoes were first popularized by basketball player Charles Hollis Chuck Taylor, and named after him. He became the first athlete whose name was protecting a fashion brand. The Converse All-Stars became very popular after World War II, and started to be produced in many different forms. The shoes became soon a symbol of youthful rebellion and an indispensable part of punk-rock culture. Benetton is a global fashion brand based in Italy. The name comes from the Benetton family, who founded the brand in 1965. Benetton has a network of 6000 outlets in 120 countries. Their range of clothing, footwear, fashion accessories is one of the most popular and best-selling worldwide, the company generates a total turnover of 2 billion euros. Benetton is known for its design, intense colours and is worn by all generations. The global fashion and lifestyle brand Ecko Ltd was established in 1993. by the fashion designer Marc Ecko. Although he started with only 6 ordinary T-shirt and spray paint, today this brand is focused on the global market and commercial success. Marc Ecko footwear combines high fashion and sport ideas into something completely new and original. His logo is a rhinoceros. Bershka is a Spanish brand of the street fashion for young people. It offers them a wide selection of clothes, shoes and accessories. Bershkas collection for girls is more oriented towards punk, rock and dance style. This type of clothes is for people with strong personalities and great courage to experiment with fashion wearing unusual styling. The most famous creations of the popular French fashion house Hermes Birkin has been a subject of desire of all celebrity trendsetters, but for many people it is unattainable. The story of the luxury handbag begins with the name of the British fashion icon, singer and actress Jane Birkin after which it was named. During an airplane flight in 1984 Jane Birkin was sitting next to Dumas, the director of the fashion house Hermes. Birkin placed her straw bag in the overhead compartment of her seat, but the contents of her bag fell to the ground, leaving her to struggle with finding her belongings to put back in her bag. Birkin explained to him that it was difficult to find a leather bag giving him an idea how it should look like. Shortly after that, the described bag arrived at her address with the message of Dumas. Today, the 61-year-old, Jane Birkin admits that The Birking bag become more glorious than herself. The prices of The Birking bag growth as well as the demand for them. The bags can be ordered in various sizes and colours. All The Birking bags are hand made respecting the specific regulations and using only the best quality leather, mostly the lizard skins, crocodiles, ostrich, buffalos, oxen, deer and goats. The metal parts of the purses are always made of gold, silver or other precious metals, a small padlocks and keys are coded and numerical. The Birkin bag is a confirmation of wealth and prestige and a symbol of the luxurious living. It is very popular among the celebrities. Three years ago one bag was sold for a whopping $ 64.800. The Spanish fashion house Zara is a global giant with more than 1600 stores in over 70 countries worldwide. This brand was founded by Spanish tycoon Amancio Ortega in 1975. Their annual earnings are now measured in billions of Euros. Zara produces clothes and shoes, fashion accessories and cosmetics. The owners of this fashion house announced an online shop to be in function soon. Croatia has now 3 Zara fashion houses. The British fashion house Burberry was founded in 1856. Burberry is known for its beige, red and black fabric design and expensive handbags. The company sells as well perfumes, sunglasses and watches. Burberry has currently over 70 shops worldwide. The brand is well-known and popular among British celebrities. The LOrà ©al Group is the worlds largest beauty and cosmetics company with the main office registered in Paris. Concentrating on hair colours, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care, the company is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOrà ©al currently markets over 500 brands and many thousands of individual products in all sectors of the beauty business: makeup and fragrances, hair colour and hair styling, body and skin care, cleansers. LOrà ©al has five centers worldwide for research and development. LOrà ©als famous advertising slogan is Because I deserve it. FASHION MAGAZINES Fashion magazines are usually published once a month and they follow fashion trends around the world, criticize fashion shows and advertise products related to the world of high fashion. They have a big impact on the creation and expansion of fashion. First fashion magazine was published around 1586 in Frankfurt. The idea of leaflets with pictures appeared to show to one part of the world what was fashionable in another. That were usually one sided flyers with black and white illustrations of dresses or shoes. Later, fashion magazines had been pressed with included painted illustrations of dresses, hats, shoes, etc. That was a way of presenting fashion before photography was invented. With the development of color photography, fashion magazines have become more colorful and attractive. Every year, the creators and designers present their latest creations in fashion magazines. Topics in magazines range from high fashion to the latest make-up, perfumes and fashion bon-ton. World fashion magazines are published in many countries in different languages. This is a list of some fashion magazines aimed at female audiences: Vogue Cosmopolitan Elle Essence Ettelaat-e Banuvan Femina Flare Girlfriends magazine Glamour Harpers Bazaar In Touch Weekly Jane Life and Style Their goal is to affect their readers to choose the latest styles. People and times change so quickly and fashion magazines are becoming increasingly important in todays world of fashion. Something about Vogue magazine: Vogue magazine was launched in 1892 in the United States. It is considered as the most popular magazine in the world. Vogue is widely published fashion and lifestyle magazine, it is published in 18 countries and one region. Every month, announces theme of fashion, design and life. It is famous as a presenter of high fashion and society, it provides reports of a very popular fashion brands such as Dior, Prada, Chanel, Gucci, and its latest trends, but it also provides reports of lifestyle, politics, family, etc. It is so important to promote clothing in fashion magazines because fashion styles are continuously changing and consumers need to be informed. Fashion trends change and globalization is responsible for their rapid spread worldwide.

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers

He thought he kept the universe alone,† to most people the thoughts of being alone are very frightening. It is human nature to search for companionship. In the poem â€Å"The Most of It,† Robert Frost uses a wealth of strong imagery to tell a story of a person who has lost his loved one to death and has to suffer the feeling of loneliness and emptiness created by it. Frost uses the setting of a lake surrounded by a forest to convey a feeling of peace and of being alone to the reader. A man is sitting on the edge of the lake, crying out for someone, his echo being his only company. After time, a buck swam across the lake and appeared on the shore and abruptly runs into the brush, away from sight. Although the man only caught a glimpse of the deer for a short moment, it was long enough for him to feel that he was no longer alone, but had something there, even though it was not tangible. The clues given to the reader that someone has passed on are the words â€Å"wakeâ₠¬  and three lines down, the word â€Å"morning.† A wake can be many things; one is that it is a vigil that is held in honor of a person who has recently died. â€Å"Morning† can be taken as â€Å"mourning† and be seen as Frost grieving for a loved one. One also develops the impression that Frost is mourning a great loss, such as a sould mate, because of the line, â€Å"He would cry out on life, that what it wants/ is not its own love back in copy speech/but counter-love.† That quote shows the reader that the man was alone, so alone, that he â€Å"c...

Physical Education Essay

Physical education trends have developed recently[when? ] to incorporate a greater variety of activities besides typical sports. Introducing students to activities like bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood. Some teachers have even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing and tai chi. Tai chi, an ancient martial arts form focused on slow meditative movements is a relaxation activity with many benefits for students. see more:history of physical education in the philippines Studies have shown that tai chi enhances muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and provides many other physical benefits. It also provides psychological benefits such as improving general mental health, concentration, awareness and positive mood. It can be taught to any age student with little or no equipment making it ideal for mixed ability and age classes. Tai chi can easily be incorporated into a holistic learning body and mind unit. [2] Teaching non-traditional sports to students may also provide the necessary motivation for students to increase their activity, and can help students learn about different cultures. For example, while teaching a unit about lacrosse (in, say, Arizona, USA), students can also learn a little bit about the Native American cultures of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated. Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate academic concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the example above), which may now be required of many P. E. teachers. The four aspects of P. E. are physical, mental, social, and emotional. [citation needed] Another trend is the incorporation of health and nutrition to the physical education curriculum. The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required that all school districts with a federally funded school meal program develop wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity. [3] While teaching students sports and movement skills, P. E. teachers are now incorporating short health and nutrition lessons into the curriculum. This is more prevalent at the elementary school level, where students do not have a specific Health class. Recently most elementary schools have specific health classes for students as well as physical education class. With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine flu, school districts are making it mandatory for students to learn about practicing good hygiene along with other health topics. Today many states require Physical Education teachers to be certified to teach Health courses. Many colleges and Universities offer both Physical Education and Health as one certification. This push towards health education is beginning in the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self-esteem and stress and anger management. Research has shown that there is a positive corrolation between brain development and exercising. [4] Incorporating local indigenous knowledge into physical education can lead to many meaningful experiences and a way of learning about other cultures. For example by incorporating traditional knowledge from varying indigenous groups from across Canada students can be exposed to a many concepts such as holistic learning and the medicine wheel. A unit could be focused on connecting to a place or feeling while outdoors, participating in traditional games, or outdoor environmental education. These types of lesson can easily be integrated into other parts of the curriculum and give Aboriginal students a chance to incorporate their culture in the local school community [5] Studies have been done in how physical education can help improve academic achievement. In a 2007 article, researchers found a profound gain in student’s English Arts standardized testing students who had 56 hours of physical education in a year compared to like students who had 28 hours of physical education a year. [6] In Brazil, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow school pupils a full range of modern opportunities, dozens of sports and hundreds of carefully reviewed drills and exercises, including exposure to education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and heart rate monitors, as well as state-of-the-art exercise machines in the upper grades. Some martial arts classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves. The physical education curriculum is designed to allow students to experience at least a minimum exposure to the following categories of activities: aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students are encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a primary interest by effectively managing their community resources. In these areas, a planned sequence of learning experiences is designed to support a progression of student development. This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness, and teamwork in order to be better prepared for the middle and high school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders. [7] Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodge ball, flag football, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because of the social impact these have cases physical education programs have been cut. Technology use in physical education New technology in Physical education is playing a big role in classes. One of the most affordable and effective is a simple video recorder. With the use of a video recorder students can see the mistakes they’re making in things such as a throwing motion or swinging form. [8] Studies show that students find this more effective than having someone try to explain what they are doing wrong, and then trying to correct it. [9] Educators also found the use of other technologies such as pedometers and heart rate monitors very successful, using them to make step and heart rate goals for students. [10] Other technologies that can be used in a Physical Education setting would include video projectors, GPS and even gaming systems such as Kinect, Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution. Projectors can be used to show students things such as proper form or how to play certain games. GPS systems can be used to get students active in an outdoor setting and active exergames can be used by teachers to show students a good way to stay fit in and out of the classroom setting[11] Another type of technology that is commonly used in Physical Education is the use of pedometers. Pedemeters do not necessarily track how far a person is going, but it lets them know the number of steps they are making. It will let them know how many steps on average they are making and want to strive to get more the next class. [1] There are many lessons that you can use for many grade levels when you are teaching students to use a pedometer it is important to make it a game, especially for younger students. [2] Worldwide In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in Victorian Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legisaltive Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17th September. [3] In South Korea, it is mandatory for pupils to take 3 hours of PE through primary and secondary schools. [citation needed] In Portugal, pupils from primary school could optionally join PE as an extra-curricular activity. From middle school to secondary school, pupils must participate in PE classes 2 hours per week. [citation needed] In Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE every week, except during examination seasons. Pupils are able to play games like football, badminton, captain’s ball, and basketball during most sessions. Unorthodox sports such as touchball, fencing, and skateboarding are occasionally played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, and squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils. [citation needed] Pupils are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1. 6 km for primary [10-12 year-olds]/2. 4 km for secondary and junior college levels [13-18 year-olds]). Students are graded by gold, silver, bronze or fail. NAPFA for pre-enlistees serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the country’s compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail. In British Columbia, Canada the government has stated in the grade one curriculum that students must participate in physical activity daily five times a week. Also the teacher is responsible for planning Daily Physical Activity (DPA) which is thirty minutes of mild to moderate physical activity a day not including curriculum physical education classes. The curriculum also requires students in grade one to be knowledgeable about healthy living. For example students must be able to describe befits of regular exercise, identify healthy choices that require them to be more physically active, and describe importance of choosing healthy food. [12] In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools to secondary schools are expected to do 2 periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except a week before examination. In most secondary schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, football, basketball and tennis are available. Pupils are allowed to bring their own sports equipment to the school with the authorization of the teacher. In most secondary schools, physical exams are rarely done, but schools record pupils’ height, weight and number of push-ups they can do. [citation needed] In Scotland, pupils are expected to do at least two periods of PE in first, second, third and fourth year. In fifth and sixth year, PE is voluntary. [citation needed] In Ireland, P. E. is mandatory for all years. Unless, the school gives the option for a student to do the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme instead for fifth and sixth year. Indonesian high school students are playing traditional game â€Å"Benteng† In Indonesia, students ranging from Kindergarten to High School have PE integrated with their curriculum. Kindergarten until Grade 3 of Elementary students have gymnastics, starting from Grade 4 of Elementary School, students will be introduced into traditional martial arts Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, tennis, soccer, futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, Both gender are separated during PE class. PE find its place in extracurricular forms, where students can specialize themself in one kind of sports they choose. Sport Festival can be held during vacuum period, usually after examination. At this time students can compete each other by bringing own class’ flag. Some universities such as ITB include PE in curriculum for freshmen Some countries include Martial Arts training in school as part of Physical Education class. These Filipino children are doing karate. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their Physical Education curriculum. [13][14][15][16][17] In England, pupils are expected to do two hours of PE a week in Year 7, 8 and 9 and at least 1 in year 10 and 11. [18] In Wales, pupils are expected to do only one hour of PE per fortnight. [19] In Poland, pupils are expected to do at least three hours of PE a week during primary and secondary education. [20] Universities must also organise at least 60 hours of physical education classes at undergraduate courses. [21] In India, Physical Education is an important subject in schools. Many students chose Physical Education as a subject against Language Subject Like English, French, some time official language Hindi and some time local languages like Punjabi, because it is a very scoring subject and very interesting. [clarification needed] Assignments on Physical education increase the interest in Sports Educational Bodies in India like Central Board of Secondary Education and Punjab School Education Board are in those which conduct examination on Physical Education in affiliated schools and colleges. [citation needed] Many people see Physical Education as Physical Activity or Game. Physical Activity or Game is only a subset of the entire Physical Education Curriculum, however, physical activity or Game is the key foundation of a  successful PE program. In today’s high tech society, a successful Physical Education (PE) plays an important role in the physical growth and development of students in fighting against the sedentary lifestyle brought towards us through the convenience of new technology and devices. Through PE, students acquire the knowledge, skills, right attitudes and values towards the pursuit of a lifelong physically active and healthy lifestyle. It also provides an avenue for students to express themselves through movement and physical activity. The PE programme in Bina Bangsa school is design to allow the younger ones to enjoy physical activity in the first 2 years and as they grow in maturity, other components will be slowly added. The Bina Bangsa PE Programme is designed such that all students are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of physical activities such as sports and games and acquire the concepts and skills that will enable them to participate in these sports and games both for leisure and competition. In addition, PE provides a natural platform and valuable opportunities to develop self-management skills, social and co-operative skills, and build character. It serves to complement other educational areas in promoting the desired outcomes of education. In particular, PE helps to cultivate healthy habits, teamwork, resilience, high self-esteem and resolve. Physical education trends have developed recently[when? ] to incorporate a greater variety of activities besides typical sports. Introducing students to activities like bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood. Some teachers have even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing and tai chi. Tai chi, an ancient martial arts form focused on slow meditative movements is a relaxation activity with many benefits for students. Studies have shown that tai chi enhances muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and provides many other physical benefits. It also provides psychological benefits such as improving general mental health, concentration, awareness and positive mood. It can be taught to any age student with little or no equipment making it ideal for mixed ability and age classes. Tai chi can easily be incorporated into a holistic learning body and mind unit. [2] Teaching non-traditional sports to students may also provide the necessary motivation for students to increase their activity, and can help students learn about different cultures. For example, while teaching a unit about lacrosse (in, say, Arizona, USA), students can also learn a little bit about the Native American cultures of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated. Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate academic concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the example above), which may now be required of many P. E. teachers. The four aspects of P. E. are physical, mental, social, and emotional. [citation needed] Another trend is the incorporation of health and nutrition to the physical education curriculum. The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required that all school districts with a federally funded school meal program develop wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity. [3] While teaching students sports and movement skills, P. E. teachers are now incorporating short health and nutrition lessons into the curriculum. This is more prevalent at the elementary school level, where students do not have a specific Health class. Recently most elementary schools have specific health classes for students as well as physical education class. With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine flu, school districts are making it mandatory for students to learn about practicing good hygiene along with other health topics. Today many states require Physical Education teachers to be certified to teach Health courses. Many colleges and Universities offer both Physical Education and Health as one certification. This push towards health education is beginning in the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self-esteem and stress and anger management. Research has shown that there is a positive corrolation between brain development and exercising. [4] Incorporating local indigenous knowledge into physical education can lead to many meaningful experiences and a way of learning about other cultures. For example by incorporating traditional knowledge from varying indigenous groups from across Canada students can be exposed to a many concepts such as holistic learning and the medicine wheel. A unit could be focused on connecting to a place or feeling while outdoors, participating in traditional games, or outdoor environmental education. These types of lesson can easily be integrated into other parts of the curriculum and give Aboriginal students a chance to incorporate their culture in the local school community [5] Studies have been done in how physical education can help improve academic achievement. In a 2007 article, researchers found a profound gain in student’s English Arts standardized testing students who had 56 hours of physical education in a year compared to like students who had 28 hours of physical education a year. [6] In Brazil, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow school pupils a full range of modern opportunities, dozens of sports and hundreds of carefully reviewed drills and exercises, including exposure to education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and heart rate monitors, as well as state-of-the-art exercise machines in the upper grades. Some martial arts classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves. The physical education curriculum is designed to allow students to experience at least a minimum exposure to the following categories of activities: aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students are encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a primary interest by effectively managing their community resources. In these areas, a planned sequence of learning experiences is designed to support a progression of student development. This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness, and teamwork in order to be better prepared for the middle and high school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders. [7] Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodge ball, flag football, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because of the social impact these have cases physical education programs have been cut. Technology use in physical education New technology in Physical education is playing a big role in classes. One of the most affordable and effective is a simple video recorder. With the use of a video recorder students can see the mistakes they’re making in things such as a throwing motion or swinging form. [8] Studies show that students find this more effective than having someone try to explain what they are doing wrong, and then trying to correct it. [9] Educators also found the use of other technologies such as pedometers and heart rate monitors very successful, using them to make step and heart rate goals for students. [10] Other technologies that can be used in a Physical Education setting would include video projectors, GPS and even gaming systems such as Kinect, Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution. Projectors can be used to show students things such as proper form or how to play certain games. GPS systems can be used to get students active in an outdoor setting and active exergames can be used by teachers to show students a good way to stay fit in and out of the classroom setting[11] Another type of technology that is commonly used in Physical Education is the use of pedometers. Pedemeters do not necessarily track how far a person is going, but it lets them know the number of steps they are making. It will let them know how many steps on average they are making and want to strive to get more the next class. [1] There are many lessons that you can use for many grade levels when you are teaching students to use a pedometer it is important to make it a game, especially for younger students. [2] Worldwide In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in Victorian Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legisaltive Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17th September. [3] In South Korea, it is mandatory for pupils to take 3 hours of PE through primary and secondary schools. [citation needed] In Portugal, pupils from primary school could optionally join PE as an extra-curricular activity. From middle school to secondary school, pupils must participate in PE classes 2 hours per week. [citation needed] In Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE every week, except during examination seasons. Pupils are able to play games like football, badminton, captain’s ball, and basketball during most sessions. Unorthodox sports such as touchball, fencing, and skateboarding are occasionally played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, and squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils. [citation needed] Pupils are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1. 6 km for primary [10-12 year-olds]/2. 4 km for secondary and junior college levels [13-18 year-olds]). Students are graded by gold, silver, bronze or fail. NAPFA for pre-enlistees serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the country’s compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail. In British Columbia, Canada the government has stated in the grade one curriculum that students must participate in physical activity daily five times a week. Also the teacher is responsible for planning Daily Physical Activity (DPA) which is thirty minutes of mild to moderate physical activity a day not including curriculum physical education classes. The curriculum also requires students in grade one to be knowledgeable about healthy living. For example students must be able to describe befits of regular exercise, identify healthy choices that require them to be more physically active, and describe importance of choosing healthy food. [12] In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools to secondary schools are expected to do 2 periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except a week before examination. In most secondary schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, football, basketball and tennis are available. Pupils are allowed to bring their own sports equipment to the school with the authorization of the teacher. In most secondary schools, physical exams are rarely done, but schools record pupils’ height, weight and number of push-ups they can do. [citation needed] In Scotland, pupils are expected to do at least two periods of PE in first, second, third and fourth year. In fifth and sixth year, PE is voluntary. [citation needed] In Ireland, P. E. is mandatory for all years. Unless, the school gives the option for a student to do the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme instead for fifth and sixth year. Indonesian high school students are playing traditional game â€Å"Benteng† In Indonesia, students ranging from Kindergarten to High School have PE integrated with their curriculum. Kindergarten until Grade 3 of Elementary students have gymnastics, starting from Grade 4 of Elementary School, students will be introduced into traditional martial arts Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, tennis, soccer, futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, Both gender are separated during PE class. PE find its place in extracurricular forms, where students can specialize themself in one kind of sports they choose. Sport Festival can be held during vacuum period, usually after examination. At this time students can compete each other by bringing own class’ flag. Some universities such as ITB include PE in curriculum for freshmen Some countries include Martial Arts training in school as part of Physical Education class. These Filipino children are doing karate. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their Physical Education curriculum. [13][14][15][16][17] In England, pupils are expected to do two hours of PE a week in Year 7, 8 and 9 and at least 1 in year 10 and 11. [18] In Wales, pupils are expected to do only one hour of PE per fortnight. [19] In Poland, pupils are expected to do at least three hours of PE a week during primary and secondary education. [20] Universities must also organise at least 60 hours of physical education classes at undergraduate courses. [21] In India, Physical Education is an important subject in schools. Many students chose Physical Education as a subject against Language Subject Like English, French, some time official language Hindi and some time local languages like Punjabi, because it is a very scoring subject and very interesting. [clarification needed] Assignments on Physical education increase the interest in Sports Educational Bodies in India like Central Board of Secondary Education and Punjab School Education Board are in those which conduct examination on Physical Education in affiliated schools and colleges. [citation needed] Many people see Physical Education as Physical Activity or Game. Physical Activity or Game is only a subset of the entire Physical Education Curriculum, however, physical activity or Game is the key foundation of a successful PE program. In today’s high tech society, a successful Physical Education (PE) plays an important role in the physical growth and development of students in fighting against the sedentary lifestyle brought towards us through the convenience of new technology and devices. Through PE, students acquire the knowledge, skills, right attitudes and values towards the pursuit of a lifelong physically active and healthy lifestyle. It also provides an avenue for students to express themselves through movement and physical activity. The PE programme in Bina Bangsa school is design to allow the younger ones to enjoy physical activity in the first 2 years and as they grow in maturity, other components will be slowly added. The Bina Bangsa PE Programme is designed such that all students are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of physical activities such as sports and games and acquire the concepts and skills that will enable them to participate in these sports and games both for leisure and competition. In addition, PE provides a natural platform and valuable opportunities to develop self-management skills, social and co-operative skills, and build character. It serves to complement other educational areas in promoting the desired outcomes of education. In particular, PE helps to cultivate healthy habits, teamwork, resilience, high self-esteem and resolve.